Shield ash

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Bielefeld coat of arms
Schildesche
district of Bielefeld
Location of Schildesche in Bielefeld
Coordinates 52 ° 2 '59 "  N , 8 ° 31' 5"  E Coordinates: 52 ° 2 '59 "  N , 8 ° 31' 5"  E.
height 94  m above sea level NN
surface 10.95 km²
Residents 42,543 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density 3885 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation Oct. 1, 1930
Post Code 33611 (old: 4800)
prefix 0521
Website www.bielefeld.de/de/bz/sch
politics
District Mayor Detlef Knabe SPD
Allocation of seats (district representation)
SPD CDU Green left BfB
6th 4th 4th 2 1
Transport links
Light rail Line 1 Line 3Line 4
bus 25, 26, 27, 31, 33, 51, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 62, 68, 101, 155, 156, 157, 158, 253, 353, 388

Schildesche (pronunciation: [ ʃɪldəʃə ]) is the name of a city district of the independent city of Bielefeld in North Rhine-Westphalia and the name of the largest hamlet in the municipality. The most important public institution in the Schildesche district is Bielefeld University .

geography

The Schildesche district is located in the Ravensberg hill country north of the Teutoburg Forest at an altitude of 94  m above sea level. NN . The Teutoburg Forest assumes a height of up to approx. 200  m on the southern border of the city district . Running waters in the municipality are the Johannisbach , the Schloßhofbach and the Sudbrackbach . The Johannisbach is dammed on the north-eastern edge of the city district to the Obersee .

Starting in the north, the Schildesche district borders in a clockwise direction on the Bielefeld districts of Jöllenbeck , Heepen , Mitte , Gadderbaum and Dornberg .

Urban district structure

The only informally delimited parts of the city are Schildesche, Gellershagen and Sudbrack . In addition, as in the Bielefeld-Mitte district, there are larger areas that are generally not assigned to a specific district. The population is distributed among the districts and statistical districts as follows:

Statistical district District Inhabitants
(December 31, 2019)
17 Vorwerk Schildesche Shield ash 13,415
18 shield ash
19 Johannesstift
20 Sudbrack Sudbrack 8,658
21 under theses - 5,573
22 Bültmann mug - 1,790
23 Gellershagen Gellershagen 6,635
24 Bültmannshof - 4,462
25 University and Seven Hills - 2.010

history

Schildesche monastery, village and farmers

In 939 the noble and childless widow Marswidis founded a women's foundation with the consent of Bishop Dudo von Paderborn . Since a settlement was formed around this monastery, this is regarded as the foundation of Schildesche. King Otto I and Emperor Otto II took over the protection of the monastery. In 1019 the imperial abbey was transferred from Emperor Heinrich II to Bishop Meinwerk von Paderborn. It burned down before the middle of the 13th century. In 1244, Bishop Bernhard IV of Paderborn gave Count Ludwig von Ravensberg the administration and jurisdiction of the Schildesche monastery around the newly built Gothic collegiate church . In the further course of the Middle Ages, Schildesche developed in the county of Ravensberg into the parish of the Schildesche parish and the capital of the Schildesche bailiwick. Around the village of Schildesche there was also the Schildesche peasantry , also called Altenschildesche .

With the beginning of the Napoleonic era , Schildesche became the capital of the canton of Schildesche in the Bielefeld district of the Kingdom of Westphalia in 1807 . The monastery ended in 1810. It was dissolved in accordance with the provisions set out in the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss and its property was auctioned.

In 1811 there were extensive changes to the administrative structure in the Schildesche area, as the area north of the Johannisbach was annexed to the Kingdom of Westphalia by France . In the now reduced district of Bielefeld, only the parts of the village and the Schildesche peasantry south of the Johannisbach remained. For the next two years, the Schildescher area north of the Johannisbach belonged to the canton Enger of the district of Minden in the French department of the Upper Ems .

After the end of the French era , the entire Ravensberger Land fell back to Prussia in 1813. As part of a major administrative reform , Prussia was divided into newly established provinces , administrative districts and districts . The village and farmers of Schildesche came to the Bielefeld district , which was founded in 1816 , while the villages of Laar , Diebrock and Eickum, which belonged to the Vogtei and the canton of Schildesche until 1811 , were added to the Herford district.

Due to the expansion of the city of Bielefeld associated with increasing industrialization, Schildesche and Bielefeld grew together in the second half of the 19th century. A large industrial area was created between Bielefeld city center and the village of Schildesche. At the same time, the Sudbrack area belonging to the Schildesche farmers developed into a densely populated residential suburb of Bielefeld. In the years 1900 to 1902, Schildesche received two meter- gauge rail connections to Bielefeld. At the end of 1900, the Bielefeld tram opened a line from Brackwede to the rescue center , today's Johannesstift , which was extended in May 1902 via Beckhausstraße to the center of Schildescher. Since April 1, 1901, the Bielefeld district railways connected Schildesche with Bielefeld, Werther and Enger with a connection to the Herford small railway . On Beckhausstrasse there was parallel traffic from the rescue house to today's Deciusstrasse.

The population of the village and the peasantry developed as follows between 1843 and 1925:

year Schildesche village Schildesche farmers
(Altenschildesche)
1843 2520 1075
1864 3006 1101
1910 8601 3391
1925 9028 4788
Schildescher Viaduct on the east bank of the Obersee

On October 1, 1930, there was an extensive local reorganization. The village of Schildesche was incorporated into Bielefeld , except for a few parcels that fell to Vilsendorf . Most of the Schildesche peasantry was also incorporated into Bielefeld. The rest of the peasantry fell to Vilsendorf and Brake . Schildesche was badly hit on November 26, 1944 during the air war by a major attack on the Schildescher Viaduct . The climax of the destruction was reached on March 14, 1945, when the viaduct was destroyed by the Grand Slam bomb , which was used for the first time and which, with its 10 tons, was the heaviest aerial bomb ever used in a war. As a result of the massive detonation , at least 50 people died in Schildesche.

The Bielefelder Kreisbahn was phased out between 1954 and 1956. In April 1968, tram line 1 was relocated to the former small railway line from Johannesstift to the current terminus at Schildesche.

Old Schildescher still call their part of town "Schilske" or "Schildske".

Schildesche district

As part of the local reorganization of the Bielefeld area and the associated expansion of the city of Bielefeld, city districts were established in Bielefeld in 1973. The Schildesche district was formed from the western and northern parts of the old city of Bielefeld.

The Schildesche district does not have its own district office. The district administrative tasks are performed by the Bielefeld city administration. A branch of the Bielefeld Citizens' Registration Office is located in the Schildesche district at Margaretenweg 29.

politics

Since the 2014 municipal elections, the Schildesche district council has been composed as follows:

District mayor is Detlef Knabe ( SPD ). His deputy is Martin Sauer Grüne .

Buildings

Collegiate church
Place in front of the collegiate church
Old rectory from 1771
Bielefeld University
  • The Evangelical Collegiate Church , formerly Johannes Baptist, is the church of a women's foundation founded in 939. A first church building was consecrated in 960. The current church building, a cross-shaped hall church with a just closed choir, was built in the 13th century using older components. The medieval furnishings include a large late Gothic carved altar and a late Gothic tabernacle.
  • The Old Catholic Parish Church (now the New Apostolic Congregation) is a towerless hall church , which has a ribbed vault inside in gothic forms and the construction of which began in 1688. Most of the original baroque furnishings are now in the new Catholic parish church of St. Johannes Baptist (see there).
  • The Catholic parish church of St. Johannes Baptist was built in neo-Gothic style in 1911/1912. The extension dates from 1967. There are some older pieces of equipment in the church, including a confessional from around 1700. The high altar, which was built around the same time and originally made for the old Catholic parish church , has been on loan in the Capuchin Church in Paderborn since 1951. The St. Johannes Baptist Church is shared by a Russian Orthodox congregation, which celebrates services there every Saturday morning.
  • In the center of Schildesche there are still several older half-timbered houses , including
    • At the collegiate church 5 - the eaves house , equipped with carved lugs and a beautiful classicistic front door, probably dates from the first half of the 17th century. It is the oldest half-timbered building in Schildesches.
    • At the collegiate church 10 . Two-storey half-timbered building, erected in 1781 by the Stiftsküster Schwengeler.
    • At the collegiate church 12 (part of the Welscher bookstore). The memory-like building, the ground floor of which was massively renovated, was built in 1708.
    • Huchzermeierstraße 11 - The two-story, former rectory was built in 1771 by Pastor Heidsiek.
    • Hermann-Schäffer-Straße 8 - The three-column construction with ancient headbands is marked on the gate beam in 1655.
    • In Stift 1 - three-column construction from 1769, the outer walls of which have been massively renovated in part.
    • In Stift 5 - three-column building from 1747, "Möpken" restaurant.
    • In Stift 6 - three-column construction from 1636. Renovated in 2011/12.
    • Johannisstraße 9 - hall house from 1708.
    • Johannisstraße 11 - The two-storey eaves house known as the "Erbsenkrug" dates from 1711.
    • At the Stiftskirche / Westerfeldstrasse - Of the once numerous curiae , only the so-called "Abbess Curia ", a single-storey plastered half-timbered building from the late 18th century, has survived.
  • Gut Brodhagen - In the district of Gellershagen , the former Brodhagen manor house (called "Schloßhof") has been preserved on Schloßhofstrasse, a three-aisled hall house with massive outer walls and inscription panels at the gate. It was built in 1686 by the widow of the electoral councilor and land clerk Johann Meinder. The building was used as a labor camp for Jewish citizens during the Nazi era.
  • Meyer zu Sudbrack . The former main building of the Meyer zu Sudbrack farm was located at Apfelstraße 77 until 2012. It was originally built in 1820 on the Falkmann farm in Ehrdissen ( Schötmar parish ) and rebuilt in 1868 in place of the old Sudbrack main building, which was destroyed by fire. It was a stately four-post half-timbered building with a crooked hip roof and richly carved gate post. The building was demolished in November 2012 after all initiatives to preserve it had failed. Senior citizens' apartments were built on the site in 2014 and 2015.

traffic

Line 1 of the Bielefeld Stadtbahn travels to the Schildesche terminus near the Schildescher town center. There are bus connections to Jöllenbeck (55, 155, 156), Brake (51, 101), Baumheide (27), towards the university (31) and to the city center (27). A bus line runs to Herford (101). The tram line 3 runs over Jöllenbecker Straße to the final stop Babenhausen Süd . From there there are bus routes in the direction of Jöllenbeck and Dornberg as well as to Spenge (56) and Enger (54). The district of Gellershagen has a direct connection to Bielefeld city center with bus routes 25/26. The south-west of the borough is crossed by light rail line 4, which also serves the university. This makes Schildesche, along with the Mitte district, the district of Bielefeld that is best served by public transport .

Personalities

  • Heinz Josef Algermissen (born February 15, 1943), Catholic pastor in Schildesche and Bishop of Fulda
  • Hans Bohnenkamp (born April 17, 1893, † February 2, 1977), officer, pedagogue, university professor and university director
  • Josef Clemens (born June 20, 1947), Catholic vicar in Schildesche, curia bishop and secretary of the papal lay council
  • Angelika Dopheide (born July 6, 1946), 1994–1999 first female mayor of Bielefeld (SPD)
  • Fritz Doht (born January 25, 1891 - † December 28, 1960), rector of the Schildesche collegiate school and politician (SPD).
  • Albert Florath (* December 7, 1888; † March 11, 1957), actor (including Die Feuerzangenbowle ), first learned the profession of bailiff in the Schildesche office before he went to Munich to devote himself entirely to acting
  • Karl Heidemann (born April 29, 1895 - † August 22, 1975), politician (NSDAP)
  • Herbert Hinnendahl (born January 2, 1914 - November 1, 1993), 1963–1975 Mayor of Bielefeld (SPD). He was instrumental in founding Bielefeld University.
  • Clamor Ludwig Carl Huchzermeier (born April 5, 1809; † February 23, 1899), Lutheran pastor in Schildesche and politician
  • August Krönig (born September 20, 1822 - † June 5, 1879), chemist and physicist
  • Karl Pawlowski (born April 9, 1898 - † August 22, 1964), diaconal entrepreneur, head of the Johannesstift and founder of the Ev. Johanneswerk
  • Hermann von Schildesche (born September 8 around 1290 - † July 8, 1357), theologian, legal scholar and Augustinian magister
  • Viktoria Steinbiß , née Klarhorst (* August 19, 1892 - February 11, 1971), doctor, building contractor and politician (CDU)
  • Johannes Warns (born January 21, 1874; † January 27, 1937), theologian and director of the Wiedenest Bible School

literature

  • Ulrich Andermann (ed.): Stift and church Schildesche 939–1810. Festschrift for the 1050th anniversary by the Ev.-Luth. Stiftskirchengemeinde, the Catholic parish of St. Johannes Baptist and the Schildesche Heimatverein in collaboration with Joachim Wibbing. Bielefeld 1989
  • Erich Forwick: Collegiate Church in Schildesche (Westfälische Kunststätten, issue 24). Münster 1983
  • Heimatverein Schildesche (Hrsg.): Schildesche - our village in pictures . 2nd edition Leopoldshöhe 1990
  • Uli Kahmann: The history of the JFA lamp. A civil servant's life in Schildesche around 1800. Bielefeld 1995
  • Paul Pieper: The Altar of Schildesche. Bielefeld 1981
  • 1000 years of Schildesche: 939 - 1939 - 1930 incorporated into Bielefeld. Reprint of the 1939 edition, Leopoldshöhe 1995

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Data from the city of Bielefeld
  2. ↑ Note in the short curriculum vitae of Bishop Meinwerk in the Westphalian History portal of the Westphalia-Lippe Regional Association, accessed on August 3, 2010
  3. ^ Division of the canton Schildesche. May 18, 1808, p. 141 f , accessed on April 23, 2010 (digitized version).
  4. ^ Territorial division of the Bielefeld district. In: Gesetz-Bülletin des Kingdom of Westphalia Volume 2. November 20, 1812, p. 423 ff , accessed on April 13, 2010 (digitized version).
  5. ^ Albrecht Lasius: The French imperial state under the government of the imperial Napoleon the great. (Digitalisat) 1812, p. 204 , accessed on April 21, 2010 .
  6. ↑ Seemann: Geographical-statistical-topographical overview of the administrative district of Minden. (PDF; 802 kB) 1843, pp. 52-57 , accessed on April 23, 2010 .
  7. ↑ Topographical-statistical manual of the government district of Minden. (Digitized version) 1866, p. 12 , accessed on April 22, 2010 .
  8. ^ Uli Schubert: German community register 1910. Accessed on May 22, 2009 .
  9. ^ Law on the expansion of the Bielefeld district. (PDF; 7 kB) In: Collection of laws for the Royal Prussian States. June 11, 1930, p. § 1 , accessed April 14, 2010 .