Abdinghof Monastery
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The Abdinghofkloster St. Peter and Paul is a former abbey of Benedictine in Paderborn , consisting of its establishment by the native-born Dutch Renkum Bishop Meinwerk of Paderborn in 1015 until its secularization , however, lead to the conclusion on 25 March 1803. New archaeological findings that the Abdinghofkloster was only built in the late 11th century. If this is the case, Bishop Meinwerk (around 975-1036) could not have laid the foundation stone of the monastery.
In the time of its existence the monastery was headed by a total of 51 abbots . It gained cultural importance through its library , the attached school, a hospice , its workshop for illuminators and bookbinders and important church treasures. In addition, the monastery was for a long time landowner in the Weser region (so the Externsteine ) and on the Lower Rhine as far as the Netherlands . Today the church is an Evangelical Lutheran parish church.
Foundation under Bishop Meinwerk
Already before 1000 there was a previous building at the place where the Abdinghof monastery was founded at the beginning of the 11th century . The great city fire of the year 1000 destroyed not only the Paderborn Cathedral , but also the cathedral monastery with the diocese archive, which is why only a few documents about the history of the city and diocese of Paderborn have survived before this time.
In 1009 Heinrich II appointed his friend Meinwerk as the new bishop of Paderborn . This was considered the second founder of the diocese. He had the new construction of the cathedral begun by his predecessor abandoned and a monumental new building erected, which he inaugurated in 1015. In 1016 he laid the foundations of the Abdinghof monastery. The Abdinghof complex was built as a Benedictine monastery with an abbey church by 1031, and construction began in 1021. On January 2, 1023 Meinwerk first consecrated the crypt "to the martyr Stephanus " and in 1031 the Abdinghof Church. After his death on June 5, 1036, Meinwerk was buried in the crypt of the Abdinghof Church according to his wishes. His sarcophagus has been in the Busdorf Church in Paderborn since 1958 . In 2009 the stone coffin was shown in the Diocesan Museum. It was part of an exhibition unit dedicated to the death and burial of the bishop.
Development in the Middle Ages
The city fire in 1058 destroyed the cathedral and the Abdinghof church again. In 1078 Bishop Poppo consecrated their new building together with St. Altmann, who had been expelled from Passau . The valuable Abdinghof Gospels, which are now kept in the Berlin Kupferstichkabinett, are from 1060 . Bishop Poppo died in 1083 and was buried in the Abdinghof Church.
Bishop Heinrich II gave the Abdinghof Church a large triumphal cross, which he consecrated in 1090. 1093 he confirmed the purchase of external stones of the monastery, which created there rock chapel he consecrated 1115. He also agreed that monks of Abdinghofklosters initially in 1100 by Boke then 1104 final, in that of Erpo von Padberg founded monastery Flechtdorf northwest of Korbach relocated .
Between 1105 and 1125 the Annales Patherbrunenses , the earliest systematic collection of news about Paderborn's history, was probably created in the Abdinghof monastery. The Abdinghof blood blessing also dates from the first half of the 12th century .
In 1120 Vicelin (also Vizelin, Wizelin) from Hameln (1090–1145) gave the Abdinghof monastery relics of St. Willehad, Ansgar and Rimbert and at the same time presented a manuscript with the vitae of the three saints.
Since Abbot Wino at the latest, the Abdinghof Monastery has been particularly closely linked to the Helmarshausen scriptorium . "In the Vitae sanctorum (Heiligenleben) of this monastery, at least one Helmarshausen writer appears among the Abdinghofer scribes, who tellingly wrote the beginning of the Vita Modoaldi, a few lines that may have been left free for special emphasis with decorative script."
In 1165 another devastating city fire raged, this time in the western part of Paderborn, and hit the Abdinghof Church and the nearby market church of Sankt Pankratius. Then the abbot's chapel was built and the convent buildings were rebuilt.
In 1376 the bones of Bishop Meinwerk were buried in the high grave in the choir room.
During the time of the Great Western Schism , a dispute escalated in autumn 1409 between the Abdinghof Monastery under its newly elected Abbot Heinrich Knipping on the one hand and Prince-Bishop Wilhelm I von Berg with his official Gobelin Person on the other. In doing so, the monastery finally managed to evade episcopal jurisdiction due to papal privilege and with the support of the Paderborn citizenship.
Under Prince Bishop Simon III. The Abdinghof monastery joined the reform movement of the Bursfeld congregation in 1477 . In 1496, Brother Jodokus Cassel donated the Abdinghof chalice, which is now part of the furnishings of the parish church in Hövelhof, which is consecrated to Johannes Nepomuk . In 1507 the Abdinghof Gradual was created in the monastery with liturgical chants for the church year; today it is in the Archbishop's Library in Paderborn.
From the early modern era to secularization
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At the beginning of the Reformation (around 1525) the Abdinghof monastery was positioned as a Roman Catholic , while in the market church of Sankt Pankratius and in parts of the cathedral chapter followers of the evangelical teachings found support from Lippstadt and the Landgraviate of Hesse .
On October 14, 1577, the majority of the cathedral chapter finally elected the Protestant Heinrich von Sachsen-Lauenburg , legitimately married since 1575, as Heinrich IV. As administrator of the prince-bishopric of Paderborn . To fulfill its obligation in the agreement signed by him electoral capitulation , the episcopal ordination to receive and maintain the Catholic religion, he tried the bishopric into a secular principality convert and gave the Lutheran Confession of Augsburg Confession free. Resolute resistance formed around his defeated opponent, Provost Dietrich von Fürstenberg , who gathered the Catholic minority of the cathedral chapter around him. This reached an exclusive formula in 1580, according to which every new member of the cathedral chapter has to make the creed according to the Tridentinum and replaced the Lutheran cathedral preacher with the two Jesuits Christian Halver and Leonhard Ruben . The latter later became a Benedictine and abbot of the Abdinghof monastery.
After the accidental death of Heinrich IV, the cathedral chapter unanimously elected Dietrich as the new prince-bishop on June 5, 1585, who is considered the third founder of the Paderborn church after Hathumar and Meinwerk. He resolutely made use of his right, guaranteed in the Peace of Augsburg of 1555, to determine the denomination of his principality. He also found great support in this from the aforementioned Leonhard Ruben, who in 1604 accepted her as abbot of the Abdinghof monastery in the presence of Prince-Bishop Count Johann von Rietberg and his wife after their conversion to the Catholic Church.
During the Thirty Years' War , which brought much suffering to all of Central Europe, the Abdinghof Monastery was also plundered. Abbot Gabel Schaffen tried since 1632 to reform the inner-monastery conditions - as in the Grafschaft monastery before - but met with unanimous resistance from the brothers, who only later decided to make changes.
The secularization of the Abdinghof monastery
The effects of the French Revolution soon became apparent in the Paderborn Monastery . Since the Holy Roman Empire had to cede all areas on the left bank of the Rhine to France in the Peace of Lunéville in 1801 , the affected princes were offered the prospect of compensation through mediatization of the small imperial estates and secularization of the spiritual principalities. In the summer of 1802, Prussian troops occupy Paderborn in anticipation of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of 1803 . With the homage of the estates to the King of Prussia as the new sovereign, the state independence of the bishopric expired.
On March 25, 1803, the Prussian commissioners von Pestel and Schwarz announced the repeal decree in the Abdinghof monastery. The monastery was confiscated and rededicated as a Prussian barracks. In 1806 French troops occupy Paderborn. The Abdinghofkirche became a feed store and stables for military horses. The bones of Bishops Meinwerk and Poppo, which are still in the church, will be transferred to the Busdorf Church. Meinwerk's grave slab, on the other hand, was first placed in the Bartholomäus chapel and later in the Diocesan Museum. In 1936 parts of Meinwerk's remains and the grave slab were finally reburied in the bishop's crypt in Paderborn Cathedral. The other part remained in the sacristy of the Busdorf Church. Interestingly, however, the sarcophagus plate does not date from the 11th century. Based on comparative finds, it can only be dated to the middle of the 13th century. What the original slab of the sarcophagus looked like is unknown.
The Abdinghof since secularization
After the French defeat in 1815, Prussian troops took possession of the former Abdinghof monastery again in order to use it again as barracks.
In 1862 security work began on the Abdinghof Church, which was used as a quarry by the citizens of Paderborn. In 1863 the Abdinghof Church became the property of the Protestant parish of Paderborn, which decided to rebuild the church - as the first Protestant church in the Catholic city of Paderborn. In 1868, consistorial architect Hase commissioned his pupil Schulz to reconstruct the church. From April 1869, Max Pommer was in charge of construction. The church was finally rededicated on April 25, 1871. In 1869/70 the church received three cast steel bells from the Bochum Association, which are tuned to e′-gis′-h ′ and still ring today.
From 1915 to 1919 the interior of the church was painted with a cycle of pictures from the Old and New Testaments .
Shortly before the end of the Second World War , on March 22nd and March 27th, 1945, an aerial mine and incendiary bombs destroyed the church and the buildings of the former monastery. From 1949 to 1956, building officer Bernhard Ortmann directed excavation work on the church and on the site. In 1952 the monastery buildings were demolished except for the Remter , parts of the cloister and the inner courtyard. In their place, the city of Paderborn established its new city administration with the municipal gallery. The inner courtyard of the city administration is now called Franz-Stock- Platz. The location of the foundation walls of the former monastery buildings is marked in its paving.
The reconstruction of the Abdinghof Church took place with the active support of believers of both major denominations, so that the church could be rededicated on March 17, 1951 and the crypt on December 25, 1957. Finally, on May 14, 1961, the organ of the Abdinghof Church was inaugurated.
Today the Abdinghof Church is the main church of the Protestant parish of Paderborn, which includes the entire core city of Paderborn with several parishes, the Paderborn district of Dahl and the Borchen district of Dörenhagen .
See also
literature
- Josef Bernhard Greve: History of the Abdinghof Benedictine Abbey in Paderborn. Paderborn 1894, Verlag der Junfermannschen Buchhandlung (Albert Pape), Paderborn 1894 ( digitized version ).
- Karl Hengst (Ed.): Westphalian monastery book. Volume 2: Münster - Zwillbrock (= sources and research on church and religious history. 2 = publications of the Historical Commission for Westphalia. 44). Aschendorff, Münster 1994, ISBN 3-402-06888-5 , pp. 205-215.
- Claudia S. Dobrinski: The church of the Paderborn Abdinghof monastery - comments on a display board. In: Die Warte Heft 147, 2010, pp. 31–32 (PDF).
- Martin Kroker, Roland Linde, Andreas Neuwöhner (eds.): 1000 years of Abdinghof. From the Benedictine abbey to the Protestant church in Paderborn. Schöningh, Paderborn 2016, ISBN 978-3-506-78587-9 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ UMITS Limited: Westphalian Biographies | My work. In: www.xn--westflische-biographien-z7b.de. Retrieved August 18, 2015 .
- ↑ Welcome to the portal of the archives in NRW. In: www.archive.nrw.de. Retrieved August 18, 2015 .
- ↑ Paderborn - Abdinghof Monastery. (No longer available online.) In: Klosterlandschaft OWL. Archived from the original on July 11, 2015 ; accessed on August 18, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Neue Westfälische: Church of the Abdinghof monastery in Paderborn had a previous building. Retrieved August 18, 2015 .
- ↑ Meinwerk memorial plaque in the anteroom of the bishop's crypt and graves of the bishops and archbishops - stations - virtual tour - the high cathedral in Paderborn. In: www.erzbistum-paderborn.de. Retrieved August 18, 2015 .
- ↑ The sarcophagus of Bishop Meinwerk in Paderborn. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on September 23, 2015 ; accessed on August 18, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Mandy Franck et al. a .: Catalog accompanying the exhibition “The Library of the Augustinian Canons of Bordesholm”. 2002, accessed August 18, 2015 .
- ↑ Harald Wolter von dem Knesebeck: The Helmarshausen scriptorium in the high Middle Ages. In: Book culture in the spiritual network of relationships. Retrieved August 18, 2015 .
- ↑ Barbara Stambolis: Libori, The church and folk festival in Paderborn. Münster 1996, p. 37.
- ↑ Abdinghofkloster and Abdinghofkirche - Paderborn then and now. In: www.zeitreise-paderborn.de. Retrieved August 18, 2015 .
Coordinates: 51 ° 43 ′ 7 ″ N , 8 ° 45 ′ 10 ″ E