Rudolph Brandes

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Rudolph Brandes; Portrait of F. A. Zimmermann (1838)

Simon Rudolph Brandes (born October 19, 1795 in Salzuflen ; † December 3, 1842 ibid) was a German pharmacist and scientist.

In Salzuflen he ran a pharmacy and founded the pharmacists 'association in northern Germany , the forerunner of today's German Pharmacists' Association . He was in correspondence with Justus von Liebig and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe .

Life

parents house

Rudolph Brandes was the second son of the pharmacist Johann Gottlieb Brandes (1751–1816), who had moved from Braunschweig, and the pastor's daughter Friederike Brandes (1769–1815), née. Nolte, born. He had seven siblings, three of whom died in infancy. His brother Carl Brandes was the rector of the Lemgo grammar school.

On June 26, 1792, the regent Ludwig Henrich Adolph of Lippe had given the pharmacist Johann Gottlieb Brandes permission to take over the pharmacy in Salzuflen and to operate it exclusively. This permit was like a monopoly of the pharmacy business in Salzuflen. When Johann Gottlieb Brandes died in 1816, his son Rudolph was not yet fully trained to take over the pharmacy, so Rocca, Johann Friedrich Ehlers and Hermann Siekmann were appointed administrators. In 1818 Rudolph Brandes took over the pharmacy himself.

Education and studies

The deer pharmacy at Nicolaiort in Osnabrück

First he attended the rectorate school . Since he only learned to read and write here, however, he received private lessons from the preacher Philipp Heinrich Becker. He then moved to the Lemgoer Gymnasium in 1807. At the age of twelve he moved to Osnabrück to a friend of his father's pharmacists and attended the Ratsgymnasium there for three years until his confirmation. Rudolph Brandes showed an early interest in the sciences and wanted to study archeology, painting or theology. From 1809 to 1813 Brandes was trained as an apprentice in the Hirsch pharmacy in Osnabrück. However, he fell ill with a nervous condition and moved back to his family in Salzuflen for care. After he was cured again and had completed his training, he worked for another year as an assistant in the Hirsch pharmacy.

In autumn 1815 he began to study at the University of Halle, where he attended lectures in pharmacy, chemistry, botany, mineralogy, logic and mathematics. In 1816 he moved to the University of Erfurt, where he worked as an assistant to the pharmacist and chemist Christian Friedrich Bucholz (1770-1818). He showed great interest in literary, theological and historical subjects. For example, he dealt with research into the location of the Varus Battle . After a year and a half of studies, he passed his exam. He was then offered a position as a pharmacist's assistant in Erfurt, but turned it down because his father fell ill and died.

In 1817 he resumed his studies at the University of Erfurt and in the same year, at the age of 22, received his doctorate in philosophy from the University of Jena. From 1818 until his death, he presented over 300 scientific papers that earned him great recognition in the professional world. (see Zimmermann, pp. 194–224). In the autumn of 1818 he returned to Salzuflen and, after passing the Lippe pharmacy exam in 1819, took over his father's pharmacy.

Professional activities

Brandes'sche pharmacy in Bad Salzuflen

In 1820 the pharmacists' association in Westphalia , which was soon called the pharmacists' association in northern Germany and which still exists today as the German pharmacists' association, was founded. Since 1820 the four pharmacists Rudolph Brandes from Salzuflen, Peter du Mênil from Wunstorf, Ernst Witting from Höxter and the physician Friedrich Wilhelm Beissenhirtz (1779–1831) in Minden had come together to form the pharmacists' association in Westphalia, which in 1821 accepted and accepted over 100 members the Salzufler Assembly on March 24th and 25th, 1821, was re-established as a pharmacists' association in northern Germany under the protectorate of the Prussian Minister for Culture and Science Karl vom Stein zum Altenstein . Rudolph Brandes was the chief director of this association, and in 1822 he co-founded the association newspaper Archiv der Pharmazie , which still exists today.

From 1826 Brandes published the Repertory of Chemistry , an alphabetical reference work. Of this, however, only four volumes have been published.

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe received Rudolph Brandes in his private home in Weimar in 1828 for a lengthy conversation.

In 1830 Brandes became secretary of the Salzufler Society of Friends of the Green Book , which had set itself the goal of “promoting the best of the Comune”. In 1833 he then held his first public office. He became a member of the poor commission and a little later took over the supervision of the fire extinguishing equipment .

In addition, he worked briefly together with Justus von Liebig and Philipp Lorenz Geiger as editor of the Annalen der Pharmacie , from 1832 to 1834 he was in charge of his supplement archive of the pharmacists' association in northern Germany .

In 1835 he became a co-founder of the moderately progressive weekly newspaper Lippisches Magazin for patriotic culture and common good and the natural science association for the state of Lippe . In addition to his previous communal duties, he became chairman of the Salzufler school commission and organized several school festivals as such. In 1841 he proposed the establishment of a “well-organized Progymnasium” for Salzuflen.

In 1838 he was also involved in the construction of the Hermann Monument , which was not completed until 1875, long after his death.

Private life

Henriette Louise; Portrait by Eduard Gerhardt , around 1825

In 1824 he married Henriette Luise Weßel (1806–1834). The marriage had four children. After the death of his wife in 1834, he married a second time in 1836. His marriage to Johanna Louise Weßel (1812-1891), a cousin of his first wife, gave birth to three more children.

On December 3, 1842, Rudolph Brandes died in Salzuflen after a brief, serious illness. Because his son Robert was only fourteen years old when he died, administrators for the pharmacy were hired again, namely Gustav Wilhelm Grüne (1845) and Emil Volland (1846). From 1855 Robert Brandes took over the management of the pharmacy himself. Robert's son Carl took over the pharmacy in 1898, and his son Karl ran the pharmacy from 1930 to 1959. Between 1959 and 1973, the pharmacist Elisabeth Meyer temporarily managed the Brandes'sche pharmacy. She was followed by Brigitte Scala-Brandes, a daughter of Karl Brandes. From 1979 to 2014 her brother Karl Brandes ran the pharmacy, from 2015 the pharmacist Hans-Martin Zillmann.

honors and awards

Fonts

literature

  • Ludwig Franz Bley: The life and work of Rudolph Brandes. Hanover 1844.
  • Ludwig Andreas Buchner:  Brandes, Rudolph . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 3, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1876, p. 244 f.
  • Georg Edmund Then:  Brandes, Rudolph. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1955, ISBN 3-428-00183-4 , p. 522 ( digitized version ).
  • Adolph Dresel: Rudolph Brandes. A description of the feast of the inauguration of the monument erected on October 18, 1848, together with the speeches given on this occasion. Detmold 1849. ( LLB Detmold )
  • Franz Meyer: Rudolph Brandes (1795-1842). For the 200th birthday of the Salzufler pharmacist and scientist. In: Jahrbuch Bad Salzuflen 1996. Bielefeld 1995, pp. 47-61.
  • Susanne Steinmetz: On the history of the Brandes' pharmacy. In: The Brandes'sche Pharmacy in Bad Salzuflen. 200 years in family ownership 1772–1992 [Festschrift]. Bad Salzuflen 1992, pp. 5-48.
  • Stefan Wiesekopsieker: The Rudolph Brandes Obelisk - an early memorial for the name giver of our school. In: Rudolph-Brandes-Gymnasium. Yearbook 2001–2003. Bad Salzuflen 2003, pp. 3-6.
  • Stefan Wiesekopsieker (Red.): In the footsteps of Rudolph Brandes in Bad Salzuflen. Bad Salzuflen 2004 [leaflet for a city tour, designed by the RBG literature course of the 12th grade in the 2003/04 school year].
  • Hartmut Zimmermann: Simon Rudolph Brandes (1795–1842). An important pharmacist of the 19th century. Stuttgart 1985 (sources and studies on the history of pharmacy 26).

Web links

Commons : Rudolph Brandes  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Rudolph Brandes  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Brandes'sche pharmacy in Salzuflen
personal data
SURNAME Brandes, Rudolph
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Brandes, Simon Rudolf; Brandes, Simon Rudolph (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German pharmacist and scientist
DATE OF BIRTH October 19, 1795
PLACE OF BIRTH Salzuflen
DATE OF DEATH December 3, 1842
Place of death Salzuflen