Eduard Gerhardt

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Eduard Gerhardt

Eduard Gerhardt (born April 29, 1813 in Erfurt , † March 6, 1888 in Munich ) was a German painter , draftsman , graphic artist , lithographer and architect .

Live and act

Career

Many years after training, Gerhardt worked in lithography and represented architecture as a draftsman and engraver . In 1832 he went to Cologne to join Gebr. Kehr & Niessen and then to Gottfried Semper in Dresden to study architecture, but without a degree. In 1837 he turned to Munich and devoted himself to (oil) painting , especially architectural images , where he continued to vedute the city and lithographed architectural views .

Study trips

In the years from 1841 to 1845 he made several study trips to Northern Italy , especially to Venice . There he worked with his friend Friedrich von Nerly and created views of Venice. Gerhardt had great success at exhibitions in Munich (1845) and Berlin (1847). A series of views of St. Mark's Church in Venice impressed King Wilhelm IV of Prussia so much that he made stays in Spain (including Valencia, Grenada and Gibraltar) and Portugal possible. There Gerhardt met Friedrich Gärtner , Fritz Bamberger and Egron Lundgren , with whom he also worked.

For some time he was Prince Educator for Ferdinand II at the royal court in Lisbon before he returned to Munich in 1851/52.

Work

Altenberg, former abbey church, etching by Eduard Gerhardt, 1834

In 1834 Gerhardt created the etching Abbey of Altenberg am Rhein ; drawings of sacred buildings and other architectural images from Cologne and the Rhineland followed.

Other artists worked lithographs and engravings based on his models, for example in Maximilian Benno Peter von Chlingensperg's The Kingdom of Bavaria (Verlag Georg Franz, Munich 1846).

During the stay in Spain, works a.o. a. for Eugenie of France (watercolor The hall of the two sisters ), the Duke of Montpensier and Prince Albert of Great Britain (watercolors The Royal Castle of Pena, Portugal , Seville, The Giralda , Granada, The Lion's Court of the Alhambra , Granada, The Generalife ) .

Eduard Gerhardt: View of the Scaliger graves in Verona, around 1845

The Prussian king acquired 52 watercolors (views from Spain and Portugal), King Ludwig I of Bavaria bought three paintings for the Neue Pinakothek and the Tsar's court 36 large watercolors (views from Venice and Spain; whereabouts unknown). Twelve of his main works (watercolors from Spain and Portugal) were owned by Queen Olga von Württemberg and were auctioned in Bern in 1970 . Count Adolf Friedrich von Schack bought five paintings (Moorish buildings in Granada) and employed Gerhardt as an architect, who designed the first gallery building in the Schack Collection in 1862 .

Today u. a. Museums in Berlin ( Kupferstichkabinett and Charlottenburg Palace ), Erfurt ( Angermuseum ), London ( Royal Collection ), Lübeck ( Behnhaus / Drägerhaus), Magdeburg (graphic collection), Munich ( Neue Pinakothek , Schack Collection), Potsdam ( Neues Palais ) and Weimar (Graphic Collection Klassik Stiftung Weimar ) Works by Eduard Gerhardt's hand.

Reception and contemporary assessment

Gerhardt met the taste of the time with the work, which was technically well done due to extensive training and due to local knowledge and his own (but also external) in-situ templates. Romanticizing representations, (architectural) attention to detail and night and lighting effects also characterize his works.

Gerhardt was also judged positively in Meyer's Konversationslexikon in 1887:

“Several trips and long stays in Italy, Spain and Portugal prompted him to cultivate architectural painting in particular and, for this purpose, to study the older buildings of those countries, which he depicts in extremely picturesque pictures, partly in watercolor, partly in oil. With these buildings he always knows how to combine the landscape and the figures in a harmonious way and to create a poetic whole, without wanting to impress with brilliant coloring. He penetrated most perfectly into the character of Moorish architecture, which his watercolors from the Alhambra, from San Ildefonso, the Inquisition Palace in Cordova (1863), the Carmo Church in Lisbon, the churches of San Marco and Maria della Salute in Venice as well as his oil paintings: the northern view of the Alhambra, the moonlit night in a Spanish city, the lion court of the Alhambra and others prove it. "

Works (selection)

Schack Collection, Munich

The lion court of the Alhambra is characteristic of the late work and exemplifies: Spain. Local knowledge. Technically well done. Romanticizing representation (person / costume / cloth). Architectural attention to detail. Play of light
  • The Wine Gate in Granada , 1856, oil on canvas
  • The Court of the Lions of the Alhambra , 1860, oil on canvas
  • The Generalife near Granada , 1862, oil on canvas
  • The former Palazzo Moro in Venice , 1863, oil on canvas
  • The Palazzo Vendramin at night , around 1863, oil on canvas
  • View of the Comares Tower on the Alhambra , 1869, oil on canvas

Angermuseum, Erfurt

  • English Cemetery near Lisbon , 1879, oil on canvas
  • Tryst in Granada , 1881, oil on canvas
  • 20 watercolors and drawings span./portug. Motifs
  • two sheets of Erfurt Cathedral
  • Lithographs of cityscapes and architecture

Behnhaus / Drägerhaus, Lübeck

  • St. Mark's Church in Venice , around 1840, watercolor

Classic Foundation, Weimar

  • Maulbronn Monastery (interior view of the cloister and the vaulted hall) , 1840, graphite , gray and brown wash

Royal Collection, London

  • The Royal Castle of Pena, Portugal , around 1851
  • The Courtyard of the Lions in the Alhambra , 1852
  • The Giralda in Seville , 1852
  • The Generalife near Grenada , 1852

Other works

  • The Inquisition Palace in Cordoba (purchased in 1857 by Ludwig I ; whereabouts unknown)
  • The Löwenhof of the Alhambra (purchase by Ludwig I in 1861 ; Wittelsbach compensation fund )
  • The interior of the Markuskirche (purchased in 1864 by Ludwig I ; whereabouts unknown)
  • House of the Moro-Othello family in Venice , pencil / watercolor on paper, 1867, auctioned in 2006, private collection
  • View of the Scaliger Tombs in Verona (1845) Watercolor, auctioned, probably private collection.
  • The Carmo Church in Lisbon
  • The churches of San Marco and Maria della Salute in Venice
  • San Marco, Venice (1864)
  • The northern view of the Alhambra
  • The moonlit night in a Spanish city
  • The Alhambra by moonlight
  • From the Alhambra
  • From San Ildefonso

Exhibitions

During his lifetime Gerhardt submitted several works to art association exhibitions; u. a.

  • 1843 to the Kunstverein Köln: the interior of the Ulm Minster
  • 1866 to the Kunstverein Oldenburg: Alhambra seen from the north
  • In 1869 his watercolors were exhibited in the royal palace in Berlin.
  • In 2004 the Angermuseum in Erfurt presented the exhibition Two painters from Erfurt see Italy. Landscapes and studies by Friedrich Nerly and Eduard Gerhardt (without catalog)
  • In 2010/2011 in Karlsruhe and 2011 in Paderborn, works by Gerhardt were shown in the exhibition Venice Pictures in 19th Century German Art .

Honors

literature

Web links

Commons : Eduard Gerhardt  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ according to other sources (unassigned) also 1812, 1814 or 1818.
  2. ↑ owned by the Angermuseum Erfurt, among others
  3. ↑ a b bildindex.de
  4. ↑ Staatliche-bibliothek-passau.de
  5. ↑ Staatliche-bibliothek-passau.de
  6. ↑ a b Herbert W. Rott: Schack Collection, catalog of the paintings on display. 2009.
  7. ↑ a b General Artist Lexicon
  8. ^ Millar: The Victorian watercolors and drawings in the Collection of Her Majesty The Queen. London 1995.
  9. ↑ Meyers Konversationslexikon. 4th, completely revised edition. Volume 7: Brain – Hainichen. Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1887, p. 163 ( retrobibliothek.de ).
  10. ↑ a b c d e f information N. Losch-Maute, Bayerische Staatsgemäldesammlungen, March 26, 2012; see also the catalog of the Schack-Galerie 1895, pp. 63–64 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
  11. ↑ a b c d e Angermuseum information, March 2012
  12. ↑ Page no longer available , search in web archives: museen-sh.de@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.museen-sh.de
  13. ^ Information from M. Oppel, Klassik Stiftung Weimar , March 28, 2012.
  14. ↑ royalcollection.org.uk
  15. ↑ royalcollection.org.uk
  16. ↑ royalcollection.org.uk
  17. ↑ royalcollection.org.uk
  18. ↑ christies.com
  19. ↑ Venice Pictures. Splendor and everyday life in art of the 19th century ( Memento from April 1, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
personal data
SURNAME Gerhardt, Eduard
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German painter, draftsman, graphic artist, lithographer and architect
DATE OF BIRTH April 29, 1813
PLACE OF BIRTH Erfurt
DATE OF DEATH March 6, 1888
Place of death Munich