Petrol 2

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Petrol 2
Brief description reddish-orange, oily liquid
Characteristic components
CAS number

106602-80-6

properties
Physical state liquid
density

1.232 kg / L 

Melting range −27.7 ° C
Boiling range

121 ° C (decomposition)

Flash point

130 ° C

safety instructions
GHS labeling of hazardous substances
no classification available
H and P phrases H: see above
P: see above
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

The fuel Otto 2 is a mixture of substances that can be regarded as monergol and is used as fuel in some types of torpedoes and other weapons. The name comes from the inventor Otto Reitlinger and has nothing to do with the processes taking place in gasoline engines .

properties

The red-orange, oily, almost water-insoluble liquid is a mixture of the following chemical compounds : propylene glycol dinitrate is the main component with 75%, 2-nitrodiphenylamine as a stabilizer with 23% and 2% dibutyl sebacate is added for phlegmatization . The CAS number is: 106602-80-6 .

The substance can be stored and does not require an oxidizer for thermal conversion and energy release, which makes this fuel very suitable for applications in the limited space of a submarine. The vapor pressure is so low that poisoning from vapors is unlikely. The energy content is much higher than that of batteries like those used in other torpedoes, which considerably extends the range.

use

The fuel is used in the following types of torpedoes, among others:

Except for the Spearfish , these torpedoes have piston engines , such as. B. the swashplate motor of the Mark 48 . The fuel is injected and ignited in a combustion chamber (usually a component located outside the piston engine), and the expansion of the hot reaction products is then used for propulsion via the pistons (or the Spearfish's turbine ).

safety instructions

AEGL values ​​for "Otto Fuel 2" in ppm,
mainly propylene glycol dinitrate
AEGL 10 min 30 min 60 min 4 h 8 h
AEGL-1 0.33 0.33 0.17 0.050 0.030
AEGL-2 2.0 2.0 1.0 0.25 0.13
AEGL-3 16 16 13 8.0 5.3
According to the EPA 

The fuel is poisonous; absorption is mainly possible through the respiratory tract or dermal. Negative effects on the human organism include headaches, impaired hand-eye coordination, eye irritation, nausea and breathing problems. The combustion produces, among other things, highly toxic hydrogen cyanide . Due to the propylene glycol dinitrate contained in the fuel Otto 2, AEGL values were set for the substance mixture . Afterwards, a noticeable malaise (AEGL-1) occurs from a concentration of 0.33  ppm / 10 min; AEGL-2 ( serious, long-lasting or escape-preventing effects ) are to be expected from 2 ppm / 10 min, fatal effects (AEGL-3) from 16 ppm / 10 min.

See also

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR): Otto Fuel II and its Components: Chemical and Physical Information (PDF, 205kb)
  2. ↑ This substance has either not yet been classified with regard to its hazardousness or a reliable and citable source has not yet been found.
  3. ↑ MK-46 Torpedo Specifications ( en ) In: Globalsecurity.org . April 27, 2005. Accessed November 11, 2009: “Power Plant: Two-speed, reciprocating external combustion; Mono-propellant (Otto fuel II) fueled ".
  4. ↑ United States of America Torpedoes since World War II ( en ) In: Navweaps.com . October 31, 2008. Retrieved on November 11, 2009: "[…] Mark 48 Mod 1 […] used Otto fuel in an external combustion, axial piston engine".
  5. ↑ British Torpedoes since World War II ( en ) In: Navweaps.com . October 31, 2008. Accessed November 11, 2009: “Power: Two-speed, reciprocating external combustion; Mono-propellant (Otto fuel II) fueled ".
  6. ↑ British Torpedoes since World War II ( en ) In: Navweaps.com . July 4, 2006. Accessed on November 11, 2009: "Power: HAP-Otto Fuel (pump-jet propulsor, turbine engine)"
  7. ↑ Background Information: Mk 48 ADCAP - Underwater Warfare Systems ( en ) In: Janes.com . Archived from the original on May 11, 2009. Retrieved March 6, 2010: “The Mk 48 torpedo is propelled with an axial flow pump jet propulsor with twin contra-rotating propellers driven by an external swashplate combustion gas piston engine. This engine, like that in the Mk 46 torpedo, is a Gould design. "
  8. ↑ a b EPA : Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs): Otto Fuel Results
  9. ↑ Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR): Otto Fuel II and its Components: Health Effects (PDF, 1.5Mb)