Oxychlorination
Under oxychlorination is meant the introduction of chlorine into an organic compound by means of hydrogen chloride (HCl) and oxygen (O 2 ) or air. Both alkanes and olefins can be oxychlorinated.
execution
The oxychlorination of ethene is mainly used in the production of vinyl chloride from ethene via the 1,2-dichloroethane (EDC) stage and the subsequent elimination of hydrogen chloride. The hydrogen chloride can be used again in the original reaction.
As a catalyst , for. B. copper (II) chloride is used. The reaction takes place at temperatures above 180 ° C.
The reaction takes place via the following reaction steps:
The formation of CH 2 = CHCl takes place by thermal elimination of hydrogen chloride or by washing the EDC with alkali solution.
Alkanes are oxychlorinated at temperatures from 400 to 450 ° C in the presence of copper salts. Even methane can be chlorinated according to:
Oxychlorination requires corrosion-resistant equipment due to the relatively high temperatures and the presence of hydrogen chloride and water.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Aliphatic intermediates (PDF; 368 kB), by Arno Behr .
literature
- Klaus Weissermel , Hans-Jürgen Arpe : Industrial organic chemistry . 6th edition. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2007, ISBN 978-3-527-31540-6 .