Emergency psychosocial care

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Psychosocial emergency care ( PSNV ) is the entirety of all actions and precautions that are taken to help emergency services and those affected by emergencies ( patients , relatives , survivors , eyewitnesses and first aiders ) in the field of psychosocial handling and processing of emergencies. These measures are carried out in the event of disasters or large-scale operations (major incidents and large medical services) by the emergency psychosocial care section. The PSNV therefore ensures psychosocial support (PSU) in the field of operations of the authorities and organizations with security tasks. Among other things, she makes use of the findings of emergency psychology . It is also sometimes referred to as basic emergency aftercare (BNN).

general basics

The psychosocial emergency care includes the overall structure, measures, offers and services of prevention as well as short, medium and long-term care in the context of stressful major incidents, emergencies or operational situations. The overarching goals of the PSNV are

  • Prevention of the consequences of psychosocial stress
  • Early detection of psychosocial consequences of stress after stressful emergencies or operational situations
  • Provision of adequate support and help for affected persons and groups to process experiences as well as the appropriate treatment of trauma-related disorders and - in relation to emergency services - mission-related psychological stress effects.

The offers and measures of psychosocial emergency care are aimed at coping with these critical life events and the associated psychosocial stresses. The PSNV includes:

  • Structural knowledge of major loss events (roles and hierarchies)
  • Stress prevention
  • Basic and advanced training for emergency services
  • long-term support of the emergency services
  • psychosocial counseling centers
  • Emergency service follow-up ( stress management after stressful events , SbE for short, Critical Incident Stress Management )
  • Crisis Intervention (KIT / KID)
  • Emergency Pastoral Care (NFS)
    • including crisis pastoral care in schools (KIS)
PSNV specialist

A PSNV specialist is a psychosocial specialist (e.g. psychologist , pastor , specialist , curative or social pedagogue ) who is trained in psychosocial emergency care. Emergency chaplains perform the same role as other PSNV specialists. You support u. a. Fire and rescue services and are integrated into the PSNV networks.

Offers and measures

Two target groups are distinguished in psychosocial emergency care:

  1. "Physically unharmed persons affected by the emergency or accident": relatives, bereaved, survivors, eyewitnesses and / or missing persons
  2. Emergency services, fire brigades, police, disaster control, THW, DLRG and the German armed forces

For those affected

The measures and offers for the target group of the “accidentally affected” are divided into psychological first aid (by first aiders and emergency services), psychosocial acute help (by crisis intervention and emergency pastoral care teams) and therapeutic interventions (by psychological and medical psychotherapists).

For emergency services

The measures and offers for the emergency services are divided into preparatory (e.g. training and further education), mission-accompanying (e.g. advising managers) and post-mission offers and measures (e.g. methodically structured individual and group discussions, long-term psychotherapeutic interventions). "The healthy processing of stressful events depends not only on the individual emergency services and their resources, but is significantly influenced by various organizational factors".

The current status in Germany

“The psychosocial emergency care (PSNV) for survivors, relatives, bereaved, missing persons, emergency services and others affected by serious emergencies, accidents and disasters is now part of the national and international care standard. The worldwide accidents and catastrophes of recent years, including those in Germany, such as the air show accident in Ramstein in 1988, the ICE accident in Eschede in 1998, the flood disaster along the Elbe in 2002, the plane collision in Überlingen on Lake Constance in 2002, the collapse of the The ice rink in Bad Reichenhall in 2006 or the Transrapid accident in 2006 impressively confirmed that medical and technical assistance should be expanded to include psychosocial care. In Germany, Switzerland and Austria and other neighboring countries in Europe, psychosocial care and help in the context of emergency events and stressful deployment situations has been developing very dynamically for a good two decades. Various offer structures and concepts have been developed and tested in practice since the mid-1990s. "

This led to a heterogeneity in the structure of the offers and the content. Therefore, the Federal Office for Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance was commissioned by the Federal Ministry of the Interior to achieve nationwide quality assurance: guidelines and quality standards for PSNV, which will be jointly adopted in 2010. In addition to the aid organizations and churches as the main actors in the PSNV, the partners involved include various professional associations and societies such as the Federal Chamber of Psychotherapists and the German-speaking Society for Psychotraumatology , representatives of the federal states, as well as representatives of the Federal Ministry of the Interior and the Foreign Office.

PSNV in everyday operations is supported by the teams of local school psychologists and other crisis intervention specialists, by the emergency aftercare or emergency care of the aid organizations (German Red Cross, Malteser Relief Service, Johanniter-Unfall-Hilfe, Arbeiter Samariter Bund, Emergency Pastoral Care and Crisis Intervention Saarland eV), from the Accident Fund and the church emergency pastoral care. These qualify employees from different professions and prepare them for their full-time, part-time or voluntary work according to their own standards. In the meantime, all PSNV actors have formulated internal requirement profiles and training curricula. The activity is usually limited to the acute phase, i.e. H. on the phase within or immediately after an emergency response. If necessary, with a view to possible subsequent, longer-lasting follow-up care, further help in the sense of psychosocial support or psychotherapeutic intervention, but also in the sense of pragmatic assistance, e.g. B. mediated in social, financial and legal matters. In the event of major damage, due to the need for coordination, the longer media processing and the higher number of people affected, it is planned to involve therapeutic specialists directly in the deployment, especially with a view to the coordination of further measures and assistance. Press work plays a not insignificant role here.

Perspectives for PSNV in Germany

The future of psychosocial emergency care will largely depend on the PSNV actors in particular continuing to pursue the path of understanding in terms of national guidelines and quality standards. The general standards have to be differentiated. In order to accelerate this process, the mandate holders and PSNV officers of the aid organizations have decided to set up a round table with the involvement of the church PSNV representatives.

In the area of ​​acute psychosocial help for those affected by emergencies and accidents, there are almost nationwide offers in Germany that approach a common understanding of quality in small steps. With a view to medium and long-term care in the sense of networked support and care for those affected who require qualified follow-up advice or psychotherapeutic intervention and follow-up treatment, there are deficits. In the area of ​​preventive and operational measures, it is necessary to continue and intensify the path of sensitizing managers to this topic (training and further training, working conditions). Since it is also a part of company health management, it is important to seek discussion and cooperation with accident insurance companies, professional associations and health insurance companies.

As part of the consensus process 2007–2010 of the organizations active in the PSNV, the federal states were asked to set up so-called state central offices in the disaster control staff. This has not yet happened across the board. Another goal of the nationwide coordination with the participation of the BBK was the elimination of the competition that still occurs between different teams. Saarland is the only federal state to have uniform training and operational management, since a non-profit association is the only organization that unites church and non-church employees with the recognition of the state and its districts.

On the situation in Austria

After an initial discussion of various models in autumn 2001 in Vienna of all partners was after intensive and fruitful discussions finally in June 2004, the Austria-wide platform crisis intervention / emergency care (PF), at that time consisting of the acute care Vienna, crisis intervention teams in the provinces of Styria and Vorarlberg and the WCC established . In the following years, various institutions that are active in the field of crisis intervention / acute care in Austria were accepted as members of the PF according to a fixed procedure.

You currently belong to:

  • Acute Care Vienna
  • AKUTteam Lower Austria
  • Evangelical emergency pastoral care Austria
  • Army Psychological Service
  • Catholic emergency pastoral care Austria
  • Crisis aid Upper Austria
  • Crisis intervention and emergency pastoral care Vorarlberg
  • ASBÖ Austria crisis intervention team
  • Crisis intervention team of the state of Styria
  • Austrian red cross

On the situation in France

After the bomb attack in the Saint-Michel train station on July 25, 1995, then President Jacques Chirac decided to create a structure for psychosocial support for the victims and witnesses. The so-called CUMP ( French cellules d'aide médico-psychologiques ) were founded in 1997 by State Secretary Xavier Emmanuelli .

literature

  • Federal Office for Civil Protection and Disaster Aid (Ed.): Psychosocial Emergency Care: Quality Standards and Guidelines (Part 1) (= Practice in Civil Protection . Vol. 3). Bonn 2009.
  • Federal Office for Civil Protection and Disaster Aid (ed.): Psychosocial emergency care: Quality standards and guidelines. Part I and II (= Practice in Civil Protection. Vol. 7). 3. Edition. Bonn 2012 ( Online (PDF; 4.93 MB)).
  • Clemens Hausmann: Emergency Psychology and Trauma Management. A manual. 3rd, completely revised and updated edition. fakultas.wuv, Vienna 2010, ISBN 978-3-7089-0428-3 .
  • Harald Karutz, Frank Lasogga: Children in emergencies. Psychological first aid and aftercare. Stumpf & Kossendey, Edewecht 2008, ISBN 978-3-938179-31-4 .
  • Marion Krüsmann (Ed.): Psychosocial Prevention in Emergency Services. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2011, ISBN 978-3-17-021076-9 .
  • Frank Lasogga, Harald Karutz: Help for helpers. Burdens - consequences - support. 2nd, revised edition. Stumpf & Kossendey, Edewecht 2012, ISBN 978-3-943174-05-2 .
  • Frank Lasogga, Bernd Gasch (Ed.): Emergency Psychology. Textbook for practice. 2nd, revised edition. Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg / New York 2011, ISBN 978-3-642-15307-5 .
  • Joachim Müller-Lange (Hrsg.): Manual emergency counseling. 2nd revised edition. Stumpf & Kossendey, Edewecht 2006, ISBN 978-3-938179-16-1 .
  • Alexander Nikendei: Psychosocial emergency care. Practice book crisis intervention. Stumpf & Kossendey, Edewecht 2012, ISBN 978-3-943174-08-3 .
  • Michael Steil: Mission stress? This is how you can help yourself and others! ecomed Sicherheit, Heidelberg / Munich / Landsberg / Frechen / Hamburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-609-68632-5 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Federal Office for Civil Protection and Disaster Aid (Ed.): Psychosocial Emergency Care: Quality Standards and Guidelines (Part 1) (= Practice in Civil Protection . Vol. 3). Bonn 2009, p. 15.
  2. ↑ Michael Steil: Mission stress? This is how you can help yourself and others! Heidelberg / Munich / Landsberg / Frechen / Hamburg 2010, p. 74.
  3. ↑ Federal Office for Civil Protection and Disaster Aid (Ed.): Psychosocial Emergency Care: Quality Standards and Guidelines (Part 1) (= Practice in Civil Protection . Vol. 3). Bonn 2009, p. 7.
  4. ↑ Federal Office for Civil Protection and Disaster Aid (BBK): Consensus process 2007–2010
  5. ↑ circulaire DH / E04-DGS / SQ2 - N ° 97-383 from May 28, 1997 relative à la création d'un réseau national de prize en charge de l'urgence médico-psychologique en cas de catastrophe
  6. ↑ Circulaire DHOS / O 2 / DGS / 6 C n o 2003-235 du 20 May 2003 relative au renforcement du réseau national de l'urgence médico-psychologique en cas de catastrophe est available