Palm line
Palm line
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legal form | Ltd. |
founding | 1929 |
resolution | 1986 |
Reason for dissolution | Takeover by Ocean Transport and Trading PLC |
Seat | Liverpool , UK |
Branch | Shipping company |
The British shipping company Palm Line , based in London, existed from 1929 to 1986. The home port of the shipping fleet was Liverpool .
history
Background and foundation
The founding of the Palm Line goes back to William Lever. His Lever Brothers group introduced palm oil for soap production and aimed for independent trading and transport of raw materials from West Africa. In 1910, Lever first bought the existing trading company WB MacIvor in Liverpool, which two years later was merged with the Peter Radcliffe and Company and the Cavalla River Company, which were also taken over. In 1916 Lever took over the H. Watson and Company from Manchester with eight ships, which was continued as the newly founded Bromport Steamship Company. Four of the ships were sunk in the First World War. In 1920 Lever acquired the Niger Company , which was active in the West African trade , whereupon the four remaining ships of the Bromport Steamship Company were sold to the Royal Mail Lines in 1923 .
From 1928 the Niger Company had its own ships. The following year, Lever took over the Dutch margarine Unie and merged with the African & Eastern Trade Corporation, which also operated its own ships, and the United Africa Company (UAC).
Since Unilever had large fortunes in Germany and could no longer transfer them to Great Britain after Hitler came to power , they commissioned eight new builds of cargo ships from German shipyards in 1934 . The general cargo ships with the names Guinean , Liberian , Nigerian , Leonian , Ethiopian , Gambian and Takoradian as well as the tanker Congonian were delivered to the UAC by 1937. During the Second World War, the United Africa Company lost a total of nine of its 16 ships owned at the beginning of the war - three new ships were added during the war. The two ships Gambian and Takoradian arrived on July 5, 1940, a few days after the defeat of France, to take over the bunker in Dakar, where the Vichy regime confiscated the two ships. Both ships survived the remainder of the war and were later returned to the UAC.
Years of growth
On February 16, 1949 it was decided to change the name, whereupon the shipping company operated under the name Palm Line. From 1950 to 1960 the shipping company doubled the trading volume of its fleet, but also had to accept the increased incidence of state-subsidized competitors. Nevertheless, at the beginning of the 1960s, the shipping company relied on increasing trading volumes and ordered the four new ships Lagos Palm , Makeni Palm , Ikeja Palm and Ilesha Palm from Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson in Newcastle , which were put into service in 1961/62. The ship quartet served the shipping company for around 20 years. With the newbuildings, the Palm Line had the most modern merchant fleet in the shipping area from Morocco to Angola in the early 1960s . In addition, the shipping company took over the ships of the German oil trading and transport company in 1960 .
First setbacks
However, there were no more new buildings in the 1960s due to the political unrest and the shrinking export market in West Africa. From 1962 the problems of the Palm Line and the other British conference shipping companies began to get out of hand, as West African states transported a growing proportion of the overall shrinking cargo volumes with their own shipping companies, such as Ghana's Black Star Line or the Nigerian Nigerian National Shipping Line . The Palm Line then began to reduce its own fleet. The vegetable oil tanker Matadi Palm was decommissioned and cast off on April 11, 1963 from Liverpool on the last trip to the demolition yard in Burriana, Spain. The following year, the Oguta Palm was sold to Skaramanga Shipping from Greece, where it operated as Heraclitos until it was demolished in 1973 in Split .
In 1965, John Holt reacted tougher, who sold the entire Guinea Gulf Line to Elder Dempster in response to the crisis . In 1966, the Palm Line sold three more ships, Lokoja Palm , Niger Palm and Sapele Palm , in 1967 the Burutu Palm and the tanker Makeni Palm were sold, after which the shipping company only had the tanker Makurdi Palm , which was finally sold in 1969.
Again new buildings
In 1970, the Swan, Hunter Shipbuilders shipyard in Haverton Hill delivered the 8870 GRT Matadi Palm, the first newbuild in almost ten years. It was taken over in 1985 by the United African Conference International and continued to operate as Matadi . Due to the steadily decreasing cargo share of the Palm Line, it sold the four ships Africa Palm , Akassa Palm , Badgary Palm and Bamenda Palm in 1972 , whereupon the number of the Palm Line fleet had decreased to twelve ships, half of 1962.
Containerization
In the course of containerization, which also began in Africa, Palm Line chartered the Norwegian container ship Joruna in 1974 and used it successfully as the Africa Palm . Thereupon Palm Line sold the Andoni Palm to Greece and replaced it with the Hasselburg of the shipping company Kurt Sieh & Co. from Hamburg, which was chartered as Apapa Palm from Germany . In 1977 the Palm Line sold its Elmina Palm and replaced the Hasselburg with its own Apapa Palm , built as a Schauenburg in Poland in 1973 , which it had bought second-hand from the shipping company Sieh & Co.
In 1978 the Enugu Palm , Katsina Palm and Ibadan Palm were sold and in 1979 the two new multi-purpose ships Bamenda Palm and Badagry Palm were put into service. The Bamenda Palm was built by Hyundai Heavy Industries in South Korea, while the 12,279 GRT Badagry Palm was built by Sunderland Shipbuilders in North Sands, Great Britain. After their commissioning, the shipping company sold the four ships Kano Palm , Lobito Palm , Ilorin Palm and Ilesha Palm against the background of their further decreasing cargo share , which reduced the fleet to seven units.
The last few years
In 1982 two more multi-purpose ships, the 15,575 GRT Lagos Palm and Lokoja Palm , were put into service. To compensate, the two old units Lagos Palm and Ikeja Palm were given up. As the volume of trade continued to decline, the Palm Line withdrew another four West African ships in 1984. The Africa Palm was sold and the Bamenda Palm , Lagos Palm and Lokoja Palm were chartered out to Lloyd Brasileiro . The following year, the United Africa Company and Unilever decided that operating their own shipping line was no longer worthwhile and sold the Palm Line in 1985 with its conference rights to Ocean Transport and Trading PLC in Liverpool. This already operated the Elder Dempster and Guinea Gulf Line. The UAC kept the remaining ships, but sold the Apapa Palm to Venezuela that same year. In the last year of operation of the United Africa Company, 1986, the company sold the last five ships and ceased operations. The name of the Palm Line remained in the British register until 1989, when the associated naming and trading rights, together with those of the Elder Dempster and Guinea Gulf Line, were sold to the French shipping company Delmas Vieljeux , but were not continued there.
flag
Palm Line was the largest shipping subsidiary of the palm oil processing group Lever Brothers. Its in-house magazine Progress held a competition to find a shipping company flag in the 1930s, the winning entry of which served as the basis for creating the shipping company's office flag.
The ships
Palm Line ships | |||||
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Building name | Shipyard / construction number |
IMO number | delivery | Client | Later names and whereabouts |
Ethiopian | Deschimag Seebeck, Bremerhaven / 896 | no | March 1936 | UAC, London | 1949 to Palm Line as Benin Palm , 1959 Faneromeni , canceled from May 30, 1961 in Izumi-Ohtsu |
Leonian | Deschimag Seebeck, Bremerhaven / 898 | no | April 1936 | UAC, London | 1949 to Palm Line as Mendi Palm , 1959 Rio Yape , 1960 Lobito , scrapped in Vado Ligure from July 7, 1967 |
Guinean | Howaldtswerke, Hamburg / - | no | 1936 | UAC, London | Joined Palm Line as Kano Palm in 1949 , St George in 1954 , Susanne Eureka in 1964 , Mok Tat in 1966 , canceled in Kaohsiung on November 10, 1967 |
Liberian | Howaldtswerke, Hamburg / 739 | no | 1936 | UAC, London | 1949 at Palm Line as Volta Palm , 1954 Hermes , 1958 Noemi , canceled December 1960 in Yokosuka |
Gambian | Deschimag Seebeck, Wesermünde / 571 | no | 1937 | UAC, London | Confiscated by the Vichy government in Dakar on July 5, 1940, St. Gabriel in 1941 , in 1943 to Ministry of War Transport Empire Tweed , 1946 Gambian , 1949 to Palm Line as Gambian Palm , 1959 Irini's Blessing , scrapped in Hong Kong from July 1963 |
Takoradian | Deschimag Seebeck, Wesermünde / 572 | no | 1937 | UAC, London | Confiscated by the Vichy government in Dakar on July 5, 1940, St. Paul in 1941 , to Ministry of War Transport Empire Swale in 1943 , Takoradian in 1946 , to Palm Line as Takoradi Palm in 1949 , Irini's Luck in 1959 , scrapped in Santander from June 1963 |
Conakrian | Furness Shipbuilding Company, Haverton Hill / - | no | November 1937 | UAC, London | 1949 to Palm Line as Dahomey Palm , 1959 Southern Mariner , broken off from September 24, 1968 in Hong Kong |
Congonian | Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Low Walker / 1078 | no | May 1942 | UAC, London | 1949 to Palm Line as Opobo Palm , 1961 Winwar , scrapped in Hong Kong from June 1963 |
Kumasian | Furness Shipbuilding Company, Haverton Hill / 351 | no | March 1943 | UAC, London | 1949 to Palm Line as Kumasi Palm , 1960 Flower , arrived on April 5, 1968 for scrapping in La Spezia |
Lafian | Furness Shipbuilders, Haverton Hill / 352 | no | 1943 | UAC, London | In 1949 on Palm Line as Oguta Palm , 1060 Aristotle , on a trip from Detroit to Calcutta on December 16, 1962, sank about 600 nautical miles from Funchal after water ingress |
Empire Bardsey | Shipbuilders Corporation, Newcastle / - | no | July 1947 | Ministry of War Transport, London | Completed in 1949 as Ashantian for the UAC, in 1949 on Palm Line as Ashanti Palm , in 1962 total loss after grounding in Naples |
Empire Ronaldsey | Shipbuilders Corporation, Southwick / 11 | 5261271 | 1947 | Ministry of War Transport, London | Completed in 1947 as Lagosian for the UAC, in 1949 on Palm Line as Lagos Palm , 1960 Oguta Palm , 1964 Heraclitos , 1969 Herodemos , canceled from April 1973 in Split |
Empire Stroma | Shipbuilders Corporation, Newcastle / - | 5210973 | 1947 | Ministry of War Transport, London | Completed in 1947 as Zarian for UAC, in 1949 on Palm Line as Lokoja Palm , 1966 Despina L , 1969 Nova , scrapped in 1972 |
Matadian | Sir James Laing & Sons, Deptford Yard / 776 | no | 1948 | UAC, London | 1949 to Palm Line as Matadi Palm , canceled from February 1963 in Burriana |
Nigerian | Furness Shipbuilding Company, Haverton Hill / 441 | no | 1948 | UAC, London | 1949 to Palm Line as Niger Palm , 1966 Triana , canceled from October 1968 in Hong Kong |
Burutu palm | Short Brothers, Pallion / 511 | 5055751 | 1952 | Palm Line, London | 1967 Tyhi , 1973 Globe Star , lost on April 27, 1973 on a trip from İskenderun to Karachi with malt flour after hitting the Leven Reef off Mombasa |
Africa Palm | Short Brothers, Pallion / 512 | 5004075 | 1953 | Palm Line, London | 1972 Savoydean , caught fire on July 24, 1975 in Calcutta and later scrapped in Bombay |
Sapele palm | AG Weser / 744 | 5313775 | October 29, 1953 | Oil trading & transport company, Hamburg | 1960 to Palm Line, 1966 Capetan Georgis , arrived on March 23, 1973 at Elektrometal Sanayii AS in Halic / Istanbul for demolition |
Tema Palm | AG Weser Seebeck shipyard, Bremerhaven / 743 | 5218080 | 1953 | Oil trading & transport company, Hamburg | 1960 to Palm Line Makurdi Palm , 1969 Santamar , scrapped in Gadani Beach from February 1976 |
Bamenda Palm | Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Low Walker / 1926 | 5035440 | March 1956 | Palm Line, London | 1972 Lenio , 1978 Elsa SK , 1980 Eternal Sea , scrapped from May 28, 1983 at GM Industrial Corporation in Gadani Beach |
Badagry Palm | Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Low Walker / - | 5033521 | 1956 | Palm Line, London | 1972 Irenes Grace , scrapped from June 19, 1981 at the Sri Sai Baba Shipbreaking Company in Bombay |
Elmina Palm | Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Low Walker / - | 5102372 | 1957 | Palm Line, London | 1977 Cyprus Sky , 1978 Eastern Sky , 1978 European Liberty , arrived at Gadani Beach for scrapping on December 21, 1981 |
Katsina Palm | Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Low Walker / - | 5183883 | 1957 | Palm Line, London | 1978 New Dragon , canceled from Shanghai in August 1984 |
Andoni Palm | Bemer volcano, Vegesack / 869 |
5016391 | 1958 | Palm Line, London | 1976 Mastromanolis , scrapped in Sakaide from November 1984 |
Akassa Palm | Bremer Vulkan, Vegesack / 870 | 5006712 | 1958 | Palm Line, London | 1972 Elenma , 1977 Ionian Sky , 1981 Magdalini K. , canceled from November 27, 1984 in Gadani Beach |
Enugu palm | Swan Hunter, Low Walker / 1946 | 5104722 | 1958 | Palm Line, London | 1978 Athari , 1979 Seepayal , arrived in Karachi for demolition in October 1982 |
Kano Palm | Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Low Walker / - | 5181342 | 1958 | Palm Line, London | 1979 Purna Shanti , 1979 Island Trader , broken up in Bombay from September 1982 |
Ibadan palm | Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Low Walker / - | 5157767 | 1959 | Palm Line, London | 1978 Hind , 1979 Arunkamal , arrived at Gadani Beach on January 29, 1983 for demolition |
Ilorian Palm | Swan Hunter, Low Walker / 1972 | 5159105 | 1959 | Palm Line, London | 1979 Diamant Captain , 1982 Cape Blanco , 1982 Sea Venturer , broken in December 1982 and scrapped in Chittagong |
Lobito Palm | Swan Hunter, Low Walker / - | 5210143 | 1960 | Palm Line, London | 1979 Lobito Palm , 1980 Minoa , 1980 Richmond , 1982 Peruvian Trader 1982 Eurco R. , canceled in 1984 |
Lagos Palm | Swan Hunter, Low Walker / - | 5202275 | 1961 | Palm Line, London | 1981 Lagos Palm II , 1981 City of Lobito , stranded in Hong Kong by Typhoon Ellen in early September 1983 , total loss |
British Rover | Joseph L. Thompson and Sons , North Sands / 665 | 5218028 | 1951 | BP Tanker Company, London | 1961 on Palm Line and converted to the sweet oil tanker Makeni Palm , 1967 Kerkennah , 1971 Palau , demolished in Brindisi on June 11, 1978 |
Ikeja Palm | Swan Hunter, Low Walker / 1982 | 5158553 | 1961 | Palm Line, London | 1981 GME Palma , 1982 Palma , scrapped in Gadani Beach from November 1983 |
Ilesha palm | Swan Hunter, Low Walker / 1984 | 5158785 | 1961 | Palm Line, London | 1979 Daphnemar , scrapped in Gadani Beach from April 1984 |
Matadi Palm | Swan Hunter, Haverton Hill / Nov. | 7025243 | 1970 | Palm Line, London | 1981 Matadi , 1986 Modesty , 1994 Lian , scrapped in Alang from November 1995 |
Joruna | Warnow shipyard, Warnemünde / 376 | 7125328 | 1972 | Rederi Lars Rej Johannsen, Oslo | 1974 to Palm Line Africa Palm , 1983 Santa Barbara Pacific , 1983 Messaria , 1987 Tong Chau , 1995 Dong Wan , 1996 Brilliant 8 , 1997 Luxury , 1998 scrapped |
Hasselburg | Stocznia Szczecińska / - | 7362677 | 1974 | Harald Schuldt, Hamburg | 1977 to Palm Line as Apapa Palm , 1977 Hoegh Apapa , 1979 Hasselburg , 1980 Mexico , 1982 Mexico I , 1987 Trade Vigor , 1996 Madras Express , scrapped in India in 1998 |
Schauenburg | Stocznia Szczecińska / 242 | 7305801 | 1973 | Harald Schuldt, Hamburg | 1977 at Palm Line as Apapa Palm , 1985 General Salom , 1993 Orient Challenge , from August 13th 1999 demolition in Alang |
Bamenda Palm | Hyundai Heavy Industries, Ulsan / 1294 | 7725843 | 1979 | Palm Line, London | Bamenda Palm , 1984 Lloyd Texas , 1985 Arko Glory , 1989 MC Ruby , 1989 Medipas Tide , 1990 MC Ruby , 1993 Ville De Damas , 1994 MC Ruby , 1994 Runner , 1994 CMBT Eagle , 1999 Runner , 2000 Renata , 2005 African Star , 2005 Renata , scrapped in Alang in 2009 |
Badagry Palm |
Sunderland Shipbuilders , North Sands / 741 |
7726873 | 1979 | Palm Line, London | 1985 Badagry , 1986 Cordigliera , sank on November 13, 1996 off Port Edward with the entire 29-man crew |
Lagos Palm | Stocznia Szczecińska / 368 | 7822768 | 1982 | Palm Line, London | Lagos , 1986 Pearce , 2009 Ahraf B , canceled from September 22, 2009 |
Lokoja palm | Stocznia Szczecińska / 371 | 7822770 | 1982 | Palm Line, London | 1982 Wameru , 1983 Lokoja , 1984 Lloyd Australia , 1986 Mekhanik Bardetskiy , 1996 MSC Buenos Aires , 1998 Jamie , 1999 Rocio B , 2009 Rocio , scrapped from April 27, 2009 |
Menestheus | Mitsubishi Shipbuilding & Engineering Company, Nagasaki / 1809 | 7601566 | November 30, 1977 | Airlease International Nominees (Moorgate) Ocean Fleets |
1980 Barber Menestheus , 1984 Menestheus , 1984 Lloyd Paranna , 1985 Menestheus , 1986 Apapa Palm , 1988 CMB Esprit , 1992 Woermann Expert , 2000 Expert , 2001 Delmas Sycamore , 2006 Expert , 2007 ClipperR Itajai II , 2007 King Spirit , from October 2010 in Alang canceled |
Data: Equasis, large tonnage |
literature
- Dunn, Laurence; Heaton, PM: Palm Line . 1st edition. PM Heaton Publishing, Abergavenny, Gwent 1994, ISBN 1-872006-01-9 .
Web links
- The Palm Line. In: Merchantnavyofficers. Archived from the original on January 4, 2013 ; accessed on May 8, 2017 (English).
- Palm Line / United Africa Co. In: The Ships List. Retrieved May 8, 2017 .
- Palm line. Timetable. Retrieved May 8, 2017 .
- Palm line. Photos. (No longer available online.) In: shipsoldandnew. Formerly in the original ; accessed on May 8, 2017 (English). ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )
Individual evidence
- ^ H. Adamietz: Tides of shipping . Verlag H. Saade, Bremen 1984, ISBN 3-922642-09-8 .
- ^ British shipping companies (P). In: Flags Of The World. Retrieved May 8, 2017 .
- ↑ Home. In: Equasis. Retrieved on May 8, 2017 (English, registration required).
- ↑ Home. In: large tonnage. Archived from the original on December 5, 2012 ; accessed on May 8, 2017 (English).