Pancreatic hormone
| Pancreatic hormone | ||
|---|---|---|
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| Ribbon / rod model according to PDB 1TZ5 | ||
| Properties of human protein | ||
| Mass / length primary structure | 36 amino acids | |
| Precursor | Pancreatic Polypeptide (66 aa) | |
| Identifier | ||
| Gene name | PPY | |
| External IDs |
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| Occurrence | ||
| Parent taxon | Mammals | |
The pancreatic hormone (PP for pancreatic polypeptide or PNP) is a peptide hormone consisting of 36 amino acids from the PP or F cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas , the concentration of which increases in the blood after eating protein-rich food.
This is a hormone of the gastro-intestinal tract, which the enzyme - and bicarbonate production of the pancreas, the motility of the intestine and the bile flow inhibits.
Primary structure
H 2 N-Ala – Pro – Leu – Glu – Pro – Gln – Tyr – Pro – Gly – Asp – Asp – Ala – Thr – Pro – Glu – Gln – Met– Ala – Gln – Tyr – Ala – Ala – Gln– Leu-Arg-Arg-Tyr-Ile-Asn-Met-Leu-Thr-Arg-Pro-Arg-Tyr-COOH.
genetics
In humans, the polypeptide lies on the long arm of chromosome 17 (17q21) and is therefore in close proximity to peptide YY . The PNP gene probably originates from a local gene duplication shortly before or at the time of amphibian formation.
function
The connection between PP (pancreatic polypeptide) and appetite regulation has been researched since 1970 . For example, a deficiency in PP was found in overweight mice, in which the injection of PP led to a loss of appetite and weight. Other studies have also found that injecting PP reduces appetite for about 24 hours. In addition, PP stimulates the sympathetic activity and oxygen consumption , so more energy is consumed. A positive effect of PP on metabolic parameters such as cholesterol could also be found in mouse studies . It was also interesting that the central administration of PP increased food intake in the animal model, so that central PP has the opposite effect. Studies on humans also show the appetite inhibition by PP and the associated weight loss , both in overweight and normal weight people . However, it could not be shown that gastric emptying and intestinal motility are influenced by PP.
The secretion is inhibited, for example, by galanin .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Homologues at OMA
- ↑ UniProt P01298
- ↑ Bernhard Kleine, Winfried Rossmanith: Hormone and hormone system - textbook of endocrinology . 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Springer Spectrum, Berlin / Heidelberg 2014, ISBN 978-3-642-37091-5 , p. 117, 120 .
- ^ S. Stanley, K. Wynne, S. Bloom: Gastrointestinal satiety signals III. Glucagon-like peptide 1, oxyntomodulin, peptide YY, and pancreatic polypeptide. In: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2004 May; 286 (5), pp. G693-7.
- ^ Entry on pancreatic polypeptide. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on July 18, 2014.