Leukocidine

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Leukocidin-F
Leukocidin-F
F Component, PDB  1PVL

Existing structural data : 2lkf

Mass / length primary structure 325 amino acids
Identifier
External IDs
Transporter classification
TCDB 1.C.3.4.1
designation α-Hemolysin family of channel-forming proteins
Occurrence
Parent taxon Staphylococcus

Leukocidin-S
Leukocidin-S
S Component, PDB  1T5R

Existing structural data : 1pvl

Mass / length primary structure 312 amino acids
Identifier
External IDs
Transporter classification
TCDB 1.C.3.4.4
designation α-Hemolysin family of channel-forming proteins

Leukocidin , Eng. Leukocidin , (composed of the short form of leukocyte in ancient Greek λευκός leukós "white" and ancient Greek κύτος cýtos "cavity", "shell", "vessel" and Latin caedere "cut down", "kill") is the name for several pore-forming toxins , which are produced by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus , its phages φPVL (from Panton-Valentine-Leukozidin ), and by the phage φCTX from Pseudomonas aeruginosa .

properties

The protein leukocidine from Staphylococcus (outdated γ-hemolysin ) consists of two subunits (Luk-F / Luk-S). It destroys granulocytes and macrophages and thus leads to immune evasion . This prevents the bacterium from being phagocytosed and eliminated. It is one of the virulence factors (disease- causing properties) of the Staphylococcus aureus strains.

The two genes of Panton-Valentine leukocidine (subunits LukS-PV and LukF-PV, 33 and 34 kDa , respectively ) occur in a prophage in the genomes of the majority of MRSA strains acquired in the community ( CA-MRSA ). It lyses leukocytes , monocytes and macrophages . The role of PVL in the pathogenesis of CA-MRSA infections has been discussed. A meta-analysis found a correlation between PVL in infections of the skin and soft tissue with staphylococci, but PVL did not correlate with more severe forms of infection with CA-MRSA. The PVL is probably not a virulence factor in CA-MRSA. The different variants of the PVL were probably created several times independently of one another. The S subunit is structurally related to α-hemolysin .

history

The property of leucidines to lyse leukocytes was first described by Van de Velde in 1894. The PVL was described by Sir Philip Noel Panton and Francis Valentine in 1932 for infections of the soft tissue .

literature

  • W. Köhler among others: Medical microbiology . Urban & Fischer-Verlag Munich / Jena 2001, 8th edition. ISBN 3-437-41640-5

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. Kaneko J, Kamio Y .: Bacterial two-component and hetero-heptameric pore-forming cytolytic toxins: structures, pore-forming mechanism, and organization of the genes . In: Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry . 68, No. 5, 2004, pp. 981-1003. doi : 10.1271 / bbb.68.981 . PMID 15170101 .
  2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): CA-MRSA Community-Associated Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) . 2007-20-24. Retrieved November 1, 2007.
  3. Boyle-Vavra S, Daum RS: Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus : the role of Panton-Valentine leukocidin . In: Lab Invest . 87, No. 1, 2007, pp. 3-9. doi : 10.1038 / labinvest.3700501 . PMID 17146447 .
  4. Melles DC, van Leeuwen WB, Boelens HA, Peeters JK, Verbrugh HA, van Belkum A: Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes in Staphylococcus aureus . In: Emerging Infect. Dis. . 12, No. 7, July 2006, pp. 1174-5. doi : 10.3201 / eid1207.050865 . PMID 16848048 . PMC 3375734 (free full text).
  5. JM Voyich, M. Otto, B. Mathema, KR Braughton, AR Whitney, D. Welty, RD Long, DW Dorward, DJ Gardner, G. Lina, BN Kreiswirth, FR DeLeo: Is Panton-Valentine leukocidin the major virulence determinant in community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus disease? In: The Journal of Infectious Diseases. Volume 194, Number 12, December 2006, pp. 1761-1770, doi: 10.1086 / 509506 . PMID 17109350 .
  6. LJ Shallcross, E. Fragaszy, AM Johnson, AC Hayward: The role of the Panton-Valentine leucocidin toxin in staphylococcal disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. In: The Lancet infectious diseases. Volume 13, Number 1, January 2013, pp. 43-54, doi: 10.1016 / S1473-3099 (12) 70238-4 . PMID 23103172 . PMC 3530297 (free full text).
  7. M. Otto: MRSA virulence and spread. In: Cellular microbiology. Volume 14, number 10, October 2012, pp. 1513-1521, doi: 10.1111 / j.1462-5822.2012.01832.x . PMID 22747834 . PMC 3443268 (free full text).
  8. F. Vandenesch, T. Naimi, MC Enright, G. Lina, GR Nimmo, H. Heffernan, N. Liassine, M. Bes, T. Greenland, ME Reverdy, J. Etienne: Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes: worldwide emergence. In: Emerging infectious diseases. Volume 9, Number 8, August 2003, pp. 978-984, doi: 10.3201 / eid0908.030089 . PMID 12967497 . PMC 3020611 (free full text).
  9. Panton, PN, Came, MB, Valentine, FCO, Lond, MRCP: Staphylococcal Toxin . In: The Lancet . 1, No. 5662, pp. 506-8. doi : 10.1016 / S0140-6736 (01) 24468-7 .