Papilio demoleus
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Papilio demoleus |
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| ( Linnaeus , 1758) |
Papilio demoleus , also known by the English name Checkered Swallowtail (Checkered Swallowtail) is a butterfly from the family of the swallowtail butterfly (Papilionidae).
features
butterfly
The moths reach a wingspan of 80 to 90 millimeters. The species occurs with yellow or white spots; however, the forewings are always black. In the cell there are four rows of small yellow or white dots that merge towards the body. In the submarginal region there is a series of yellow or white spots from the apex to the inner edge. On the rest of the wing there are several yellow and white spots of different sizes. The outer edge is yellow or white and black piebald. The hind wings are also black. The corrugated outer edge has no tail process. There are six broad, yellow and white moonspots between the submarginal and post-disk regions . Between the basal region and the disk region, a wide, yellow or white band characterizes the wing, which becomes thinner towards the inner edge. This band includes a black eye on the front edge. There is a red eye in the anal corner. The basal region is heavily dusted with yellow or white scales .
The underside of the forewings is very similar to the upper side, but all features are now more common. The only exception is the cell, which is now characterized by four yellow or white stripes. The underside of the hind wings is very similar to the upper side, but all features can now be found more intensely. In the post-disc region there are also several yellow or white spots that are blue in color. In the basal region there is a yellow or white area with black lines.
There are no gender differences in the wing pattern, both have the same wing markings and the same body, which is black on the upper side and yellow or white on the lower side.
Similar species
Subspecies
There are currently six subspecies (according to Zakharov et al., 2004):
- Papilio demoleus demoleus ( Linné , 1758) ( China , South Asia, Pakistan to the Arabian Peninsula )
- Papilio demoleus libanius ( Fruhstorfer , 1908) ( Philippines , Talaud Islands , Sula Islands and Taiwan )
- Papilio demoleus malayanus ( Wallace , 1865) ( Malay Peninsula and Sumatra )
- Papilio demoleus novoguineensis ( Rothschild ) ( Papua New Guinea )
- Papilio demoleus sthenelinus ( Rothschild ) ( Flores and Alor )
- Papilio demoleus sthenelus ( Macleay , 1826) ( Sumba and Australia )
Distribution and occurrence
Its distribution area is in the Indo-Australian fauna region, where the species is often found. In the west it extends to the Arabian Peninsula. It inhabits the tropical and subtropical forests, but also anthropogenic habitats. In the meantime he has already been abducted to the Dominican Republic . He was also spotted in Europe for the first time in 2012, although it is still unclear whether this will remain a single sighting.
Way of life
The moths of Papilio demoleus lay their eggs before and after the monsoons . The eggs are laid individually on the leaves. The caterpillars feed mainly on citrus plants ( citrus ), which often leads to harmful occurrences.
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swell
- ↑ a b c d butterflycorner.net: Papilio demoleus , (accessed on March 1, 2009)
- ↑ Kelvin A. Guerrero, Denia Veloz, Sarah Lyn Boyce and Brian D. Farrell: First New World Documentation of an Old World Citrus Pest, the Lime Swallowtail Papilio demoleus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae), in the Dominican Republic (Hispaniola). American Entomologist, 50 (4): 227-229, Lanham, Md 2004 PDF, 2.3MB ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Dimitry V. Morgun, Martin Wiemers: First record of the Lime Swallowtail Papilio demoleus Linnaeus, 1758 (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) in Europe , The Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 45: 85-89, PDF
literature
- ED Edwards, J. Newland and L. Regan: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea. 615 pp., Collingwood, CSIRO Publication, 2001, (part of Zoological catalog of Australia: 31, Lepidoptera: 6) ISBN 0-643-06700-0
- Evgueni V. Zakharov, Campbell R. Smith, David C. Lees, Alison Cameron, Richard I. Vane-Wright and Felix AH Sperling: Independent gene phylogenies and morphology demonstrate a Malagasy origin for a wide-ranging group of Swallowtail butterflies. Evolution, 58 (12): 2763-2782, Oxford 2004 ISSN 0014-3820 doi : 10.1554 / 04-293
