Papilio xuthus
| Papilio xuthus | ||||||||||||
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Papilio xuthus |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Papilio xuthus | ||||||||||||
| ( Linnaeus , 1767) |
Papilio xuthus , also known by the English name Citrus Swallowtail ( "Lemon dovetail") and in German as the "Japanese dovetail", is a butterfly from the family of the swallowtail butterfly (Papilionidae).
features
butterfly
The moths reach a wingspan of 80 to 100 millimeters. The forewings have a black basic color and show a row of thin white arc spots along the outer edge. About two centimeters parallel to this runs another row of white, but in comparison much larger spots from the front edge to the inner edge. These spots become increasingly larger towards the inner edge. The limb that is closest to the inner edge is connected to a white stripe that extends to the body. A narrow white stripe runs along the inner edge up to this row from the body. In the discoid cell there are four white thin stripes starting from the body. Near the border between the disk region and the post-disk region, there are two large white arc spots at the leading edge that almost form a circle. A few centimeters away from these there is still a small white spot near the front edge. The hind wings have a black basic color and show a row of white arc spots along the outer edge, which become increasingly thicker towards the inner edge. In the basal and discal regions there are some white spots of different sizes and a black spot near the front edge. There is a black pithed, yellow eye spot in the anal corner. Adjacent to these, a row of dark blue spots running parallel to the outer edge can be seen. The wavy outer edge has a distinct tail extension.
The underside of the forewings has a brown base color and shows all the characteristics of the upper side, albeit reinforced. There is now a thin white band between the two rows of spots. The underside of the hind wings has a basic black color and shows all the characteristics of the upper side, albeit reinforced. The members of the row of arc spots are increasingly colored orange towards the front edge, the eye spot in the anal corner is colored orange and has a partially light yellow edge.
Both sexes have the same wing markings and the same body color. The body is white except for the black thorax , a little yellowish on the underside.
Egg, caterpillar and pupa
In dormancy , the caterpillar loses more weight than usual during pupation.
Occurrence and distribution
Papilio xuthus is mainly native to Asia. This applies to southern China , northern Burma , Japan , Taiwan , Guam , the Ogasawara Islands and Hawaii . The species is common in its range and is therefore not considered threatened.
Way of life
Papilio xuthus develops three to four generations per year. Its flight time ranges from May to August. The caterpillars feed on umbellifers (Apiaceae) and diamond plants (Rutaceae).
Systematics
Of Papilio xuthus two subspecies are known:
- Papilio xuthus koxingus Fruhstorfer , 1908
- Papilio xuthus neoxuthus Fruhstorfer , 1908
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f butterflycorner.net: Papilio xuthus (accessed on May 10, 2009)
- ^ A b Walter Reuther, Leon Dexter Batchelor, E. Clair Calavan, Herbert John Webber, Glenn E. Carman, Lee R. Jeppson, University of California (Davis.) Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources: Crop protection, postharvest technology, and early history of citrus research in California. ANR Publications, 1989, ISBN 0931876877 , p. 71
- ^ Walter Reuther, Leon Dexter Batchelor, E. Clair Calavan, Herbert John Webber, Glenn E. Carman, Lee R. Jeppson, University of California (Davis.) Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources: Crop protection, postharvest technology, and early history of citrus research in California. ANR Publications, 1989, ISBN 0931876877 , p. 72
- ^ A b N. Mark Collins, Michael G. Morris, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources: Threatened swallowtail butterflies of the world: the IUCN red data book. IUCN, 1985, ISBN 2880326036 , p. 95
literature
- Walter Reuther, Leon Dexter Batchelor, E. Clair Calavan, Herbert John Webber, Glenn E. Carman, Lee R. Jeppson, University of California (Davis.) Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources: Crop protection, postharvest technology, and early history of citrus research in California. ANR Publications, 1989, ISBN 0931876877 , 374 pages
- N. Mark Collins, Michael G. Morris, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources: Threatened swallowtail butterflies of the world: the IUCN red data book. IUCN, 1985, ISBN 2880326036 , 401 pages
