Parandja

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Uzbek Paranja

Paranja (or Paranji ) from فرنجية (Паранджа) is a traditional Central Asian veil for women that covers the entire body and face. In other languages ​​it is also referred to as " burqa ". In appearance and function, it is comparable to other regional veils, such as the Afghan chador . The paranja was used by women in Central Asian cities to completely cover themselves.

history

In Central Asian areas inhabited by sedentary Muslims (present-day Uzbekistan and Tajikistan ), women wore veils that covered their entire faces. These veils were known as Paranja or Faranji. The veil traditionally worn in Central Asia in premodern times was the Faranji. The part that covered the face, called the chachvan (or chachvon ), was heavy and made of horsehair. It was particularly prevalent among Uzbeks and Tajiks in cities. The Paranja was worn in Khoresmia . It was also worn at the time of the Scheibanids (approx. 1510–1600).

At the beginning of the 19th century, women of the Tajik and Uzbek Muslims were obliged to wear the Paranja outside the home. Paranja and Chachvan were widespread among Uzbek women in cities on the southern river basins by 1917. In rural areas they were worn less, and rarely in the nomadic steppe.

A historical description of the Paranja comes from Lord Curzon, who traveled to Bukhara in 1886 . During his stay there, he never saw a woman between the ages of 10 and 50 as they were all veiled. The heavy, black veil made of horse hair is "too coarse and heavy for a woman". The women, who wore loosely wrapped blue robes with attached, empty sleeves, "could be misunderstood by wearing the clothes," their feet covered in large leather boots. Curzon wrote that "Ladies of rank and of good character never dared to appear in any public place or bazaar." He condemned this as an act of tyranny, an exaggerated and misleading concept of morality that could be found all over the East, but nowhere as conspicuous as in Buchoro.

The Russian October Revolution promoted the liberation of women and sought to repel or ban the Paranja. The Soviet unveiling was known as "Hujum" in the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (UsSSR). When the Soviet communists secured their control over Central Asia, chachvans and parandjas were banned. On the orders of the communists, the parandjas were burned. However, some veiled Muslim women responded by killing the women who were sent to take off their veils. Some Uzbeks violently opposed the anti-paranja, child marriage and polygamy campaign launched by the Soviet Union.

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union , Tajik President Emomali has announced that veils are not part of Tajik culture. The veil was attacked by the government of the Kyrgyz President Almasbek Atambayev . Today they are rarely worn in Central Asia.

See also

Portal: Islam  - Overview of Wikipedia content on Islam

literature

  • NP Lobacheva: On the History of the Paranja . In: Routledge, Taylor & Francis (Eds.): Anthropology & archeology of Eurasia: a journal of translations . 36, No. 2, Abingdon, Oxon, 1997, ISSN  1061-1959 , pp. 63-90.
  • Douglas Northrop: Nationalizing Backwardness: Gender, Empire, and Uzbek Identity . In: Ronald Grigor Suny, Terry Martin (Eds.): State of Nations: The Soviet State and Its Peoples . Oxford University Press, 2001, ISBN 978-1-234-56789-7 , pp. 191-220.
  • Douglas Northrop: Veiled Empire: Gender and Power in Stalinist Central Asia . Cornell University Press , 2003, ISBN 978-0801488917 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Словник ісламізмів . Archived from the original on March 11, 2018. Retrieved April 24, 2018.
  2. ↑ a b Ahmad Hasan Dani, Vadim Mikhaĭlovich Masson, Unesco: History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Development in contrast: from the sixteenth to the mid-nineteenth century . UNESCO, January 1, 2003, ISBN 978-92-3-103876-1 , pp. 357–.
  3. ↑ a b Kamoludin Abdullaev, Shahram Akbarzaheh: Historical Dictionary of Tajikistan . Scarecrow Press, April 27, 2010, ISBN 978-0-8108-6061-2 , pp. 129-.
  4. ^ Carolyn Krueger: Uzbek Dance A Short History . 2011. Archived from the original on October 24, 2016.
  5. ↑ Traditional Costume of Uzbek Women of the Late 19th and 20th Centuries Khorezm - San'at - Archive of San'at magazine . Archived from the original on October 12, 2017. Retrieved on April 24, 2018.
  6. ↑ http: //www.karakalpak  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . com / jegde.html@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.karakalpak  
  7. ↑ From the History of the Evolution of Uzbek National Costume - San'at - Archive of San'at magazine . Archived from the original on February 17, 2017. Retrieved on April 24, 2018.
  8. ^ Asian Muslim Women's Fashion History . Archived from the original on August 18, 2017. Retrieved April 24, 2018.
  9. ^ Douglas Northrop: Nationalizing Backwardness: Gender, Empire, and Uzbek Identity . In: Ronald Grigor Suny, Terry Martin (Eds.): State of Nations: The Soviet State and Its Peoples . Oxford University Press, 2001, ISBN 978-1-234-56789-7 , pp. 191-220.
  10. ↑ Face veil, womens, (chachvan), looped construction, horsehair / cotton, unknown maker (gypsy nomad woman), Russian Turkestan, c. 1900 . Archived from the original on August 20, 2016. Retrieved on April 24, 2018.
  11. ^ Bokhara - The forbidden city . Archived from the original on May 10, 2017. Retrieved April 24, 2018.
  12. ↑ Craig Benjamin, Samuel NC Lieu: Walls and Frontiers in Inner-Asian History: Proceedings from the Fourth Conference of the Australasian Society for Inner Asian Studies (ASIAS): Macquarie University, November 18-19, 2000 . Ancient History Documentary Research Center, Macquarie University, 2002, ISBN 978-2-503-51326-3 .
  13. ^ Eliakim Littell, Robert S. Littell: Littell's Living Age . TH Carter & Company, 1889, pp. 438-. The Living Age . Littell, Son and Company, 1889, pp. 438-. The Fortnightly Review . Chapman and Hall, 1889, pp. 130-. The Fortnightly . Chapman and Hall, 1889, pp. 130-.
  14. ↑ Ronald Grigor Suny, Terry Martin: A State of Nations: Empire and Nation-Making in the Age of Lenin and Stalin . Oxford University Press, November 29, 2001, ISBN 978-0-19-534935-1 , pp. 194-.
  15. ^ Douglas Northrop: Veiled Empire: Gender and Power in Stalinist Central Asia . Cornell University Press, February 4, 2016, ISBN 978-1-5017-0296-9 , pp. -. Russia in Central Asia in 1889 & the Anglo-Russian Question . Longmans, Green, and Company, 1889, pp. 175-. archived PDF http://www.cui-zy.com/Recommended/Nature%26glabolization/SunyStalinA%20State%20of%20Nations.pdf ( Memento from March 24, 2016) Archived copy . Archived from the original on August 14, 2016. Retrieved on August 2, 2016.
  16. ^ Ármin Vámbéry: Sketches of Central Asia: Additional Chapters on My Travels, Adventures, and on the Ethnology of Central Asia . Wm. H. Allen & Company, 1868, pp. 170-171. archived
  17. ↑ Craig Benjamin, Samuel NC Lieu: Walls and Frontiers in Inner-Asian History: Proceedings from the Fourth Conference of the Australasian Society for Inner Asian Studies (ASIAS): Macquarie University, November 18-19, 2000 . Ancient History Documentary Research Center, Macquarie University, 2002, ISBN 978-2-503-51326-3 .
  18. ↑ Background: Women and Uzbek Nationhood . Human Rights Watch . Archived from the original on November 2, 2008. Retrieved September 16, 2010.
  19. ↑ Brent Hierman: Citizenship in Soviet Uzbekistan . January 20, 2016. Archived from the original on December 1, 2016.
  20. ↑ Tajik womens paranja . Archived from the original on March 7, 2016. Retrieved on April 24, 2018.
  21. ↑ Kamoludin Abdullaev, Shahram Akbarzaheh: Historical Dictionary of Tajikistan . Scarecrow Press, April 27, 2010, ISBN 978-0-8108-6061-2 , pp. 381-.
  22. ^ Clothes of the Past . Archived from the original on October 15, 2017. Retrieved on April 24, 2018.
  23. ^ The untold story of Uzbekistan's dancer extraordinaire . Archived from the original on August 18, 2017. Retrieved April 24, 2018.
  24. ↑ Bruce Pannier: Central Asia's Controversial Fashion Statements . In: Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty , April 1, 2015. Archived from the original on July 15, 2015. 
  25. ↑ 'Women in mini skirts don't become suicide bombers' . August 13, 2016. Archived from the original on October 25, 2017. Retrieved on April 24, 2018.
  26. ↑ Kyrgyz Women Warned Of Dangers Of Islamic Dress . Archived from the original on October 5, 2016. Retrieved on April 24, 2018.
  27. ↑ Archived copy . Archived from the original on July 10, 2017. Retrieved August 14, 2016. http://youtube.com/8QjZIRFi2n4 ( Memento from August 6, 2013) Archived copy . Archived from the original on August 28, 2016. Retrieved on August 14, 2016.