Pariah State

As a pariah state , is based on the term " pariah " an exhausted nation referred to either of cooperation within the meaning of the international community (for example, to international standards United Nations ) holds or at least one major power is classified as such. Such a state is threatened with international sanctions , international isolation or even military invasion . The term is related to the political slogan rogue state coined by George W. Bush .

Pariah States

In the past the following states were designated or treated as pariah states , some of them still have this status today:

Today's Pariah States

• Abkhazia
• Equatorial Guinea
• Nagorno-Karabakh Republic
• Burma
• Eritrea
• Israel
• Kosovo
• North Korea
• Zimbabwe
• Sudan
• Somaliland
• South Ossetia
• Syria
• Transnistria
• Uzbekistan
• Belarus

Former Pariah States

• Afghanistan under the Taliban
• Albania under Enver Hoxha
• Argentina during the military dictatorship
• Chile under Augusto Pinochet
• Haiti under Papa Doc and Baby Doc Duvalier
• Iran before the conclusion of the nuclear deal
• Iraq under Saddam Hussein
• Yugoslavia under Slobodan Milošević
• Liberia under Charles Taylor
• Cambodia under the Khmer Rouge and during the Vietnamese occupation
• Democratic Republic of the Congo under Mobutu Sese Seko
• Libya under Muammar al-Gaddafi
• Myanmar under military rule
• Paraguay under Alfredo Stroessner
• Sri Lanka during the civil war
• South Africa during apartheid
• Turkmenistan under Saparmyrat Nyýazow
• Uganda under Idi Amin

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Abkhazia: A promising pariah on the Black Sea - Editorials & Commentary - International Herald Tribune
2. ↑ Obiang, dictator in fashion in New York ( memento of the original from January 7, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , afrol.com, September 9, 2000 
3. ↑ https://www.crikey.com.au/2017/09/18/as-myanmar-returns-to-being-a-pariah-state-we-should-return-to-boycotting-it/
4. ^ Ethiopia troops attack rebels inside Pariah state Eritrea . In: National Post , March 15, 2012. "Despite the repeated denials that it is not a destabilizing force in the volatile Horn of Africa region, Eritrea is widely regarded in the international community as a pariah state and is deeply mistrusted by its neighbors" 
5. ↑ Michela Wrong : How double-dealing built a pariah state . In: Financial Times , August 3, 2011.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.   
6. ↑ Djibouti says Eritrea will bow to UN sanctions , Reuters Africa, April 21, 2010
7. ↑ David Rodman: 5. "Normal" or "Special"? . In: Laura Zittrain Eisenberg, Neil Caplan (Eds.): Review Essays in Israel Studies. Suny Series in Israeli Studies, Vol. 5 . State University of New York Press , 2000, ISBN 978-0-7914-4422-1 , p. 93: "For most of the post-1967 period, Israel has been a pariah state in the world community"
8. ^ Robert E. Harkavy : Pariah states and nuclear proliferation . In: Cambridge University Press (Ed.): International Organization . 35, No. 1, 1981, pp. 135-163. doi : 10.1017 / S0020818300004112 . "In recent years, a new international actor — the Pariah state — has mounted the global stage. Although rough historical precedents may be discerned, the present international system appears to have produced a novel phenomenon, whereby some isolated small states, lacking assured and credible outside security support, find themselves unable to take advantage of traditional balance-of-power mechanisms. Taiwan, South Africa, and Israel fit this description best, South Korea less so; Pakistan and Chile are also candidates. "
9. ↑ Irving Louis Horowitz : 24. From Pariah People to Pariah Nation: Jews, Israelis and the Third World . In: Michael Curtis, Susan Aurelia Gitelson (Eds.): Israel in the Third World . Transaction Publishers, 1976, ISBN 978-0-87855-603-8 , p. 384: "Israel has been defined as a pariah nation, suited to harboring a" settler people ""
10. ^ Ian Bellany: 1. Material dangers . In: Ian Bellany (Ed.): Terrorism and Weapons of Mass Destruction: Responding to the challenge . Routledge, 2007, ISBN 978-0-415-57065-7 , pp. 21-22: "Israel is a pariah"
11. ^ L. Carl Brown : VI. Conclusion: Making Sense of Middle East Diplomacy . In: L. Carl Brown (Ed.): Diplomacy in the Middle East: The International Relations of Regional and Outside Powers . IB Tauris, 2004, ISBN 978-1-86064-899-1 , p. 305: "Israel has been throughout most of its existence a pariah state in the midst of the Arab world"
12. ↑ Micah Zenko: Come Out of the Nuclear Closet . In: The New York Times , March 8, 2012. "Israel has pigeonholed itself as an international pariah, allowing adversaries and the nonaligned movement to use Israeli intransigence as an excuse to slow progress on nuclear nonproliferation objectives, including preventing a nuclear Iran" 
13. ^ Rupert Cornwell: North Korea: A pariah state, its secret nuclear program - and a new crisis for Bush , The Independent. October 18, 2002. Accessed on January 19, 2008.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.   
14. ↑ Mugabe made Zimbabwe a pariah state, says Straw , Daily Telegraph, 25 August 2002
15. ↑ Sudan's War on Itself; From Rogue State to Pariah State
16. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from July 15, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , OpenDemocracy, June 6, 2000 
17. ↑ Lucy Ash: Misery in a pariah state . BBC News. April 1, 2004. Retrieved April 5, 2013.
18. ↑ Peter Leonard: US cozies up to outcast Uzbekistan for Afghan role . Associated Press. July 6, 2012. Retrieved April 5, 2013.
19. ^ Sarah Kendzior: Does it matter if the West gives military aid to Uzbekistan? . Al Jazeera. March 5, 2013. Retrieved April 5, 2013.
20. ↑ Belarus Cracks Down ( Memento of the original from June 17, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , VOA, April 1, 2008 
21. ↑ Frozen In Time , TIME, 156 (21), May 29, 2000
22. ↑ En route to the EU ( Memento of the original dated April 8, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , European Policy Center, April 2010 
23. ^ The Argentine Pariah
24. ^ Chile , International War Crimes Report, June 4, 2010
25. ^ Haiti Crisis , Washington Post, March 1, 2004
26. ^ Trita Parsi: Treacherous Alliance, The Secret Dealings of Israel, Iran and the United States. . Yale University Press, London 2007, ISBN 0-300-12057-5 , p. 97.
27. ↑ Iraq 10: The spring never came
28. ^ War crimes fugitive Mladic arrested MSN News UK, May 26, 2011
29. ^ Arrest warrant for Liberian leader , BBC News, June 4, 2003
30. ↑ Taylor's Liberia becoming pariah nation , afrol.com 20 January
31. ↑ At Last, Justice Comes to Cambodia ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Yale Global Online, February 13, 2009 
32. ^ Zaire - Involvement in the Angolan Civil War , countrydata.com, 1993
33. ^ Paul Keller: Libya's two decades as pariah state , BBC News. January 6, 2004. Retrieved January 19, 2008. 
34. ^ Asean Can Act as Burma's Bridge to the World
35. ↑ Alfredo Stroessner; Paraguayan Dictator , Washington Post, August 17, 2006
36. ↑ http://www.srilankamirror.com/english/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4716:lanka-a-pariah-state-after-israeli-ambassador-came-to-the-defence&catid=1:latest -news & Itemid = 50  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
37. ^ Thomas H. Henriksen, 'The Rise and Decline of Rogue States'. Journal of International Affairs , 54 (2), 2001, 349-373.
38. ^ Susan Willett: The Legacy of a Pariah State: South Africa's Arms Trade in the 1990s . In: Review of African Political Economy . 64, 1995, pp. 151-166.
39. ^ Turkmenistan: Introduction
40. ^ Robert Litwak: Rogue States and US Foreign Policy: Containment After the Cold War , p. 50.