Mannheim gauge

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Rhine level Mannheim, level at 7.40 m

The Mannheim gauge is a navigation-relevant gauge of the Rhine . It is located at river kilometer 424.733 on the right bank of the river, just under 300 m below the Konrad-Adenauer-Brücke . The level consists of two differently inclined level rods up to 5.10 m and further up to 7.50 m and above a vertical level rod up to 9.50 m. The numerical display of the level takes place about 250 m downstream on the waterside facade of an office building on the Rheinkai. The operator of the gauge is the Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration , Mannheim Waterways and Shipping Office. The measuring point number is 23700700 ( DGW ).

Key data of the level

Mannheim gauge, on the embankment the inclined gauge bars, above piers with vertical gauge bars

Further key data on the level according to the current status of the Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration are given below. The previously valid low water level was not reached in October 2018.

Surname text value Details
km Rhine kilometers 424.733 km 2011
location Coordinates of the level 49 ° 29.036 ′ N 8 ° 27.310 ′ E Official value, differs slightly in real terms.
PNP Level zero point 85.16 m from November 1, 2011
HSW Highest navigable water level 760 cm from January 1, 1950
M_I High water mark 1 650 cm from January 1, 2004
M_II High water mark 2 760 cm from January 1, 2004
NNW Lowest known water level 85 cm 20th October 2018
NW Lowest water level in a period 92 cm November 1, 2000 - October 31, 2010
GlW Equivalent water level 160 cm from January 1, 2015
TuGlW Depth below GlW 210 cm from January 1, 2004
MNW Mean lowest value of the water levels in a period of time 146 cm November 1, 2000 - October 31, 2010
MW Average of the water levels over a period of time 302 cm November 1, 2000 - October 31, 2010
MHW Mean highest value of the water levels in a period of time 675 cm November 1, 2000 - October 31, 2010
HHW Highest known water level 917 cm December 29, 1882

history

Niche of the level until 2011 in the quay wall

Already in 1800 there was a bar gauge in Rhenish feet at the former ship bridge in Mannheim at today's Rhine kilometer 424.95 on the right bank . From January 1, 1801, regular water level observations took place. Around 1817, the changeover to a slat level with a Baden foot measurement took place . After several corrections to the zero point and relocations, the gauge was set up at the upper entrance to the Mühlauhafen on the west side of the southern head of the chamber lock. From November 1, 1877, a new Rhine level in meter graduation was operated on the east side at Rhine km 426 , from 1890 also with a writing level and level clock. The facility was destroyed in World War II. As a substitute, from December 1946 to August 1949, a staff gauge at Rhine km 424.975 was used with the same level zero point. Since the port canal with the chamber lock was abandoned, a new level gauge was set up at km 425.059 on the Rhine in August 1949. In 1952/53 it received a gauge house, writing level, gauge and a large water level indicator on the Rhine side. Already in 1956/57 it was laid at Rhine km 424.866 as a slat gauge in a stair niche in the quay wall. In 1968, a telex writing level replaced the installed writing level. From 1973 a punched tape level enabled electronic data evaluation from quarter-hourly measurements. Due to structural changes as well as disruptions to the gauge operation due to ship pier operations, the gauge was relocated slightly upstream at km 424.733 in 2011.

The level had already been disrupted or influenced beforehand. High water levels in the Neckar can lead to backwater. From 1945 to the end of 1957 there was a temporary bridge above the Rhine bridge that was blown up in 1945 (today: Konrad-Adenauer-Brücke), whose pillars and pile yokes had an effect. Until 1825, 1831–1852 and 1870–1881, the level was read once a day, otherwise three times (1825–1831 morning, noon, evening, 1852–1870 and from 1881 at 5:00 a.m., 1:00 p.m. and 9:00 p.m. ). Additional readings were taken during floods.

The height of the level zero point above sea ​​level also changed several times :

  • from January 1, 1801: zero point at mean water level
  • from approx. 1817: zero point at high water level in 1784 (new level, read from top to bottom)
  • from 1825: zero point increased by 0.6 m
  • from 1827: zero point 0.3 m lower
  • before November 1, 1877: NN + 94.524 m (water level on the west side of the main chamber lock)
  • From November 1, 1877: NN + 85.124 m (level on the east side of the main chamber lock, zero point on the river bed)
  • from 1956: NN + 85.158 m, new system ( DHHN 12 ); the height of the level in relation to the terrain remained unchanged
  • from November 1, 1998: NN + 85.128 m ( DHHN 85 ); the height of the level in relation to the terrain remained unchanged
  • from November 1, 2011: above sea ​​level + 85.160 m ( DHHN 92 ); new water level location

Historical water levels

Flood

Water level on the inclined gauge at 7.40 m

The following flood events are recorded for the Mannheim gauge.

rank cm date
1 917 December 29, 1882
2 876 January 12, 1955
3 859 March 27, 1988
4th 858 May 28, 1983
5 850 May 25, 1978
6th 844 March 13, 1896
7th 840 November 28, 1944
8th 838 December 29, 1919
9 836 April 11, 1983
10 835 3rd June 2013

In addition, buildings in Mannheim are provided with high water marks, some of which refer to these events, and some to other flood incidents of this type that are not included in the list for the gauge.

Low tide

Level display on the Rheinkai at a level of 0.88 m in October 2018

Until 2018, the lowest known water level was 92 cm. The long-term lack of water caused a water level of 85 cm in October 2018.

Web links

Commons : level Mannheim  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration, ELWIS , Mannheim gauge
  2. ↑ a b Federal Institute for Hydrology (BfG), Undine information platform , History of the Mannheim level
  3. ^ State Office for the Environment, Rhineland-Palatinate , overview of the Mannheim level

Coordinates: 49 ° 29 ′ 1.9 ″  N , 8 ° 27 ′ 18.9 ″  E