Peller model
The Peller model is the oldest datable ship model in Germany. The model maker and the first restoration can also be dated and the restorer is known by name. This datability makes this model of particular importance for the history of shipping.
Origin and name
The origin can only be inferred from the information on the model itself. The painted sails are most striking. A chronological listing of renovations with name and year was given on the main sail with the same handwriting:
Herrmann Severin -fecit-
A. 1603
Michael Küchel -renovt-
A. 1715
Ulrich Eggman -renovt-
A. 1822
Georg Ullrich Frieser Kaufman
in
Nuremberg
as Bezizer
JCHeimer pinzt.
No further information is known from either Severin or Küchel. In Lübeck family members with the name Severin are known around 1600 , but only with the first names Anton, Heinrich and Peter. They were families of boatmen and merchants. It is not known where the scribe obtained this particular piece of information. It is believed that a paper was found inside the fuselage during the last restoration on which the individual restorers and the builder immortalized themselves with their names and years. In comparable cases, the builder often notes down a blessing or the occasion. However, this information may have been lost.
In addition to the sails, the layers of paint on the hull are informative about the origin. The name Peller-Modell comes from the coat of arms on the upper mirror at the rear of the model. There the so-called little coat of arms of the Peller family was applied over the Lübeck city coat of arms that was originally attached there. Ships of this time usually had a pictorial version of the ship's name on the stern. That is why the model was named after this coat of arms. The mainsail and a flag remnant testify to the possible origin from Lübeck. As one of the old sails preserved on the model, it shows the Lübeck double-headed eagle with a red and white breastplate. The same motif can also be seen on the rest of the flag.
The first secured place and time is Nuremberg in 1822. Around 1870 it was bought by the Germanisches Nationalmuseum from the antiquarian Pickert from Nuremberg . It has been kept in the museum since then and was restored in the Altona Museum in 1968 .
description
In addition to the typical details of a small three-master around 1600, the hull of the model also shows elements from the period around 1820. Parts of the rigging and the figures on deck in particular date from this period. The hull was made from a single block of hardwood. The middle half was very carefully hollowed out to the lower deck, but made more coarse at the respective ends. Therefore the individual deck division in the hull is not clear. Certainly it has a completely covered battery, perhaps an orlop deck , with a lowered constables chamber recognizable aft. Above this is the upper deck, which forms the cooler between the half deck and the forecastle deck. Under the back and under the half-deck more guns are placed. There is also a hut on the half-deck and two arches for weather protection can be seen above it. There is an open side gallery at the stern . The straight Galion is crowned by a mythological-Christian representation of a pelican .
Many parts of the rigging are still original. The main mast was added, which probably had to be replaced after woodworm infestation. The main frame is also a later renewal. In contrast, the parrot stick was removed without replacement. While the logs are still largely original, the situation is different with the cordage. The parts consisting of so-called silver wire and twine were certainly not added until the 19th century. Maybe during the restoration in 1822. But the standing rigging of the fore and mainmast is older but certainly no longer original.
The sails have also changed their original location. The sail that is attached as a jib today could have been the mainsail in the past. And today's mainsail is the former jib. The mizzen has completely disappeared. From the original sails, the foresail, the cross topsail, the jib, the sail at the location of the mizzen and the foresail are still present. A special feature is the painting of the sails on the front and back. The following representations can be seen: double-headed imperial eagle, Lübeck coat of arms, the renovation dates cited above, portrait of an unknown man, pelican, lion, mermaid, sea horse, sun, crescent moon, portrait of the GU Frieser and Merkur.
literature
- Werner Jaeger: The Peller model from 1603. History Description and measurement of the model with reconstruction of the rigging. VEB Hinstorff Verlag, Rostock 1973.
Web links
- Data sheet in the object catalog of the Germanisches Nationalmuseum Nürnberg