Peshawar seven
The Peshawar Seven or Seven Party Alliance or Alliance of the Seven or Islamic Union of the Afghan Mujahedeen was an alliance formed in the first half of the 1980s of seven Sunni- Islamic groups from the main resistance groups in Afghanistan during the Soviet-Afghan war . This alliance comprised the Sunni mujahideen parties that had their centers in the northwestern Pakistani city of Peshawar .
"During the war against the Soviet Union, the channeling of external support through Pakistan to only seven Sunni Islamist groups (the so-called Peschewar Seven) led them to play a key role in the armed struggle."
The alliance consisted of four fundamentalist parties, the main aim of which was to establish an Islamic state ( al-dawlah al-islamīyah ) in Afghanistan without the clerical rule as in neighboring Iran . The other three groups were traditionalists. They advocated Afghanistan's return to pre-revolutionary forms of government.
| Surname | leader | established | various | |
| 1 | Hizb-i Islāmī (Islamic Party) I. | Gulbuddin Hekmatjar | 1968 | |
| 2 | Jamiat-i Islāmī-yi Afghanistanistān (Islamic Assembly Afghanistan) | Burhanuddin Rabbani ( Tajike ) | dominates the northern regions of Afghanistan; Rabbani is a former professor of theology at Kabul University | |
| 3 | Hizb-i Islāmī (Islamic Party) II | Junis Chalis ( Pashtun ) | 1978 | Split from Hekmatjar in 1978 |
| 4th | Itehad e Islami Bara e Azadi e Afghanistan (Islamic Unity for the Freedom of Afghanistan) | Abdulrasul Sayyaf ( Pashtun ) | 1981 | of Saudi Arabia and the Wahhabis supported |
| 5 | Harakat e Engelabe e Islami (Movement for the Islamic Revolution) | Mohammad Nabi Mohammadi ( Pashtun ) | 1978 | |
| 6th | Dschebhe e Nedschat e Melli e Afghanistan (National Liberation Front Afghanistan) | Sibghatullah Modschaddedi | was President of the "Provisional Islamic State of Afghanistan"; the party called for the return of the former King Zahir Shah | |
| 7th | Mihaz e Melli e Islami e Afghanistan (National Islamic Front of Afghanistan) | Said Ahmad Gilani | greatest influence among Afghan refugees in Pakistan |
literature
- Florian Kühn: Security and Development in World Society: Liberal Paradigm and Statebuilding in Afghanistan (Politics and Society of the Middle East). VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften 2010 ( online excerpt )
- Thomas Ruttig: Afghanistan: Institutions without Democracy. Structural weaknesses in the state structure and approaches for political stabilization. SWP study. Science and Politics Foundation . German Institute for International Politics and Security Berlin 2008 ( Online )
See also
- Soviet intervention in Afghanistan
- Islamic State of Afghanistan
- List of political parties in Afghanistan
References and footnotes
- ↑ In contrast, the Shiite groups are particularly strong in the central Afghan region of Hazarajat . The Shiite alliance of the Islamic Revolution founded in Iran consists of eight groups, including the Hezb-e-Allah ("Party of God"), Nasr ("Victory") and the Harakat e Islami e Afghanistan ("Islamic Movement of Afghanistan") under the Clergy Ayatollah Assef Mohseni (en) . The headquarters of their organizations are in the cities of Qom and Mashhad in Iran .
- ↑ On the Shiite “ eight-party alliance ”, cf. Markus Potzel: Iran and the West. Chances for Joint Action in Afghanistan? (PDF; 492 kB) Berlin 2010 SWP study. Science and Politics Foundation . German Institute for International Politics and Security
- ↑ Kühn, p. 289 (on financial, weapons and other aid, cf. Thomas Ruttig, p. 18)
- ^ The most important resistance groups Die Zeit 42/1989
- ↑ cf. balkanforum.org: The absurd German politics in Afghanistan