Peter Hartmann (Linguist)

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Peter Hartmann (born April 16, 1923 in Berlin-Schöneberg ; † March 9, 1984 in Münster ) was a German linguist .

Life

Peter Hartmann, son of the officer Hubert Hartmann and the grandson of the Berlin linguist Felix Hartmann (on the father's side) and the Berlin decorative painter and decorative artist Prof. Richard Böhland (on the mother's side), attended elementary schools in Berlin-Schöneberg and Berlin-Charlottenburg from 1933 on to the Berlin high school on Lietzensee , today's Canisius College, and, after its closure by the National Socialists in 1940, the state Kant-Gymnasium in Berlin-Spandau, where he graduated from high school in 1942. After serving on the Eastern Front and being wounded in Stalingrad , which was followed by a nine-month hospital stay, he was taken prisoner by the British at the end of the war .

In 1946 Hartmann began his studies at the Berlin Humboldt University and studied comparative linguistics and related areas (with Wolfgang Steinitz , Erich Ebeling and Wilhelm Wissmann ), Japanese (with Martin Ramming ) and Ewe (with Diedrich Westermann ). In 1948 he moved with his family to Münster, where he studied general and comparative linguistics (with Alfred Schmitt ) and Indology (with Ludwig Alsdorf and Paul Hacker ). Since Japanology was not represented in Münster at the time, he continued to study this subject with Otto Karow in Bonn, commuting between Münster and Bonn . In 1950 he received his doctorate with the dissertation Some Basics of Japanese Linguistics, shown in the expressions for vision with Alfred Schmitt in Münster , which appeared in print in 1952 , and in 1953 there followed, after an interim (but without a degree) study of Catholic theology , the habilitation , also with Alfred Schmitt. The subject of the habilitation thesis were nominal forms of expression in scientific Sanskrit .

From 1953 to 1956 Hartmann worked in Münster as a lecturer and from 1956 to 1969, as the successor to his teacher Alfred Schmitt, as a full professor of general and Indo-European linguistics. In the academic year 1965–1966 he was dean of the Philosophical Faculty, and in 1969 he accepted an appointment as professor for general linguistics at the newly founded University of Konstanz . There he worked until his death in March 1984. In 1972, he turned down an appointment as founding rector at the newly founded University of Essen .

A younger brother of Peter Hartmann was the Tübingen philosophy professor Klaus Hartmann .

Create

Hartmann's work is divided into two clearly different phases, a purely scientific period, his time in Münster, and a predominantly scientific-political and scientific-organizational phase, his time in Constance. Its purely scientific phase, in turn, can be divided into two sub-phases, one that is comparatively linguistic and one that is becoming increasingly abstract and fundamental. In the first, Hartmann, inspired in part by thoughts of Leo Weisgerber , analyzed certain phenomena of specific individual languages ​​or compared certain specific languages ​​as a whole with one another (although his goal of knowledge was not, as was widely customary at the time, a language-historical, but a language-typological one), in which the latter became increasingly interested in fundamental phenomena of language (and grammar) as such, and eventually ended up comparing some such phenomena with certain phenomena of certain extra-linguistic products of the human mind. A by-product of this latter creative period (in which his student Roland Harweg wrote Pronomina and Text Constitution on his habilitation thesis ) is the often-cited essay Text, Texts, Classes of Texts , perhaps the first program sketch of the text linguistics that was emerging in the German-speaking world at the time.

Hartmann's activity in Konstanz began with the establishment of the linguistics specialist group there and the initiation of a special linguistic research area, and finally led to the establishment and management of his own language teaching institute. During his time in Constance, Hartmann worked on committees such as the Scientific Commission of the Science Council (1969–1975), the Senate Commission for Linguistics of the German Research Foundation (1973–1979) and the Scientific Council of the Institute for the German Language in Mannheim. Hartmann's publications from his time in Konstanz include writings such as Tasks and Perspectives in Linguistics. A contribution to the linguistics of the 1970s from 1970 (his inaugural lecture in Constance), on the situation of linguistics in the FRG from 1972 and various introductory programs in basic courses for various Slavic languages ​​written together with Miloslav Káňa. In addition, Hartmann was active as editor or co-editor of various magazines and the book series accompanying the magazines during his time in Constance, but also partly in his late years in Münster.

Book publications

as an author

  • Some basic features of the Japanese language structure, shown in the expressions for seeing (dissertation). Heidelberg 1952.
  • Nominal forms of expression in scientific Sanskrit (post-doctoral thesis). Heidelberg 1955.
  • Part of speech and form of expression . Heidelberg 1956.
  • On the typology of the Indo-European . Heidelberg 1956.
  • Linguistic form problems . Heidelberg 1957.
  • Nature and effect of language as reflected in Leo Weisgerber's theory . Heidelberg 1958.
  • The word as a name. Structure, constitution and performance of the calling provision . Cologne, Opladen 1958.
  • Language and knowledge. To the constitution of the explicit determination . Heidelberg 1958.
  • Grammar theory . Volume 1: Language as Form . 's-Gravenhage 1959.
  • Grammar theory . Volume 2: For the constitution of a general grammar . 's-Gravenhage 1961.
  • Grammar theory . Volume 3: Most general structural laws in language and grammar . 's-Gravenhage 1961.
  • Grammar theory . Volume 4: Grammar and Grammaticality . 's-Gravenhage 1962.
  • Theory of grammar (edition of all four volumes in one volume extended by indexes). The Hague 1963.
  • On the theory of linguistics . Assen 1961.
  • Syntax and meaning . First part: the syntactic meaning matrix . Assen 1964.
  • Tasks and perspectives of linguistics. A contribution to the linguistics of the 1970s (revised version of the inaugural lecture in Constance from 1970). Constance 1970. ISBN 3-87940-029-6
  • On the situation of linguistics in the FRG . Frankfurt am Main 1972. ISBN 3-7610-5710-5
  • with Peter Raster: Linguistic research in Baden-Württemberg 1972 . Braunschweig 1973.

as editor

  • with Henri Vernay: Linguistics and translation. Symposium at Heidelberg University. 24.2. - 26.2.1969 . Munich 1970.
  • with Hannes Rieser: Applied Text Linguistics I. Hamburg 1974.
  • with Miloslav Káňa: Johann Amos Comenius: Methodus linguarum novissima and other of his writings on language teaching research. Constance 1978.
  • Vladimir Skalička: Typological studies, with a contribution by Petr Sgall . Braunschweig, Wiesbaden 1979.

Published magazines

  • with Werner Abraham, Richard D. Brecht, Bruce Fraser, Morris Halle, K. Kunjunni Raja, Benson Mates, JF Staal, Pieter P. Verburg, John WM Verhaar: Foundations of Language. International Journal of Language and Philosophy . Volume 1 (1965) - Volume 14 (1976).
  • with Morris Halle, K. Kunjunni Raja, Benson Mates, JF Staal, Pieter P. Verburg, John WM Verhaar: Studies in Language [continuation of Foundations of Language ]. Volume 1 (1977) - Volume 2 (1978).
  • Folia Linguistica. Acta Societatis Linguisticae Europaeae . Volume 2 (1968 )-14 (1980).
  • Linguistic reports. Research, information, discussion . Issue 1, 1969 - Issue 88, 1983.

Published series

  • with Morris Halle, K. Kunjunni Raja, Benson Mates, JF Staal, Pieter A. Verburg, John WM Verhaar: Foundations of Language. Supplementary Series . Volume 1 (1967 )-20 (1974). Dordrecht.
  • Commentationes Societatis Linguisticae Europaeae . Volume 1 (1970) - 6 (1973). Munich.
  • Writings on linguistics . Vol. 1 (1970) - 12 (1979) [10 (1984)]. Braunschweig.

literature

  • Manfred Faust, Roland Harweg, Werner Lehfeldt, Götz Wienold (eds.): General linguistics, language typology and text linguistics. Festschrift for Peter Hartmann . Tübingen 1983. ISBN 3-87808-215-0 (including a detailed list of publications by Peter Hartmann)
  • Kürschners Deutscher Schehrten-Kalender 1983. Bio-bibliographical directory of German-speaking scientists of the present . 14th edition. Berlin, New York 1983. Volume 1. ISBN 311-008558-5 , p. 1472.
  • Roland Harweg: Peter Hartmann Sexagenarius (speech at the University of Konstanz on April 16, 1983). In: Linguistic Reports , Volume 100, 1985, pp. 469-476.
  • Werner Lehfeldt: Obituary for Peter Hartmann (speech at the University of Konstanz on December 7, 1984). In: Linguistic Reports , Volume 100, 1985, pp. 455-461.
  • Peter Hartmann . In: Robert de Beaugrande : Linguistic Theory. The Discourse of Fundamental Works . London, New York 1991, pp. 307-342. ISBN 0582082102 or 0582037255
  • Hansjakob Seiler : Peter Hartmann as interpreter and planner of linguistics (commemorative speech at the University of Konstanz on July 11, 1994). In: Folia Linguistica 28, 1994, pp. 243-256.
  • Ursula Hartmann, Roland Harweg: Peter Hartmann. In: Christoph König (Ed.), With the assistance of Birgit Wägenbaur u. a .: Internationales Germanistenlexikon 1800–1950 . Volume 2: H-Q. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2003, ISBN 3-11-015485-4 , pp. 670-672.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Roland Harweg: pronouns and text constitution . 2nd Edition. Munich 1979. ISBN 3-7705-1657-5 , SI
  2. ↑ Peter Hartmann: Text, Texts, Classes of Texts . In: Bogawus. Forum for Literature, Art, Philosophy , Issue 2, 1964, pp. 15-25. Reprinted in: Walter A. Koch (Ed.): Structural Text Analysis. Discourse Analysis. Analyze du Récit , Hildesheim 1972. ISBN 3-487-04291-6 , pp. 1–22.
personal data
SURNAME Hartmann, Peter
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German linguist
DATE OF BIRTH April 16, 1923
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH March 9, 1984
Place of death Muenster