Petlyakov Pe-2

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Petlyakov Pe-2
Polish Pe-2FT
Polish Pe-2FT
Type: Medium bomb plane
Design country:

Soviet Union 1923Soviet Union Soviet Union

Manufacturer:

Petlyakov

First flight:

December 22, 1939

Commissioning:

1941

Production time:

1941-1945

Number of pieces:

11,426

The Petlyakov Pe-2 ( Russian Петляков Пе-2 , NATO code name Buck ) is a Soviet multipurpose aircraft from the Second World War . The all-metal low-wing aircraft had a double tail to allow the observer a free field of fire to the rear, and a retractable tail skid landing gear. The cabin was not pressurized. The aircraft was given the unofficial name "Peschka" (Пешка) by the crews, which is Russian for the pawn in chess.

development

Vladimir Petlyakov carried out this design in captivity in the KB-29 design office, where it was taken after his arrest in the course of the Great Terror . The aircraft is based on the design of a heavy, two-seat long-range and high-altitude fighter with the project designation "Samoljot 100" from 1938. During the planning of the type, also known as the WI-100 ("Wysotny Istrebitel"), in 1940 the demand was made to make the model a three-seater To rework high-altitude bombers, which shortly thereafter was changed again to the dive bomber with the designation PB-100 ("Pikirujuschtschi Bombardirowschtschik"). The main features in contrast to the WI-100 were the modified pulpit and the glazed underside of the fuselage bow.

On December 22nd, 1939 Pyotr Stefanowski made the first flight. Production started in January 1941 at Moscow Aircraft Works No. 22 and No. 39. In September of the same year, the Soviet air forces already had 462 Pe-2s, the number of which had increased by a further 1,405 by the end of the year, despite the factories being moved to Kazan and Irkutsk . A total of 11,426 machines were manufactured.

With the beginning of the German attack on the Soviet Union, the Pe-2 was deployed in the war. The main task was to support the ground troops. Pe-2s captured by German troops were tested by the Luftwaffe in Rechlin and recognized as one of the most modern Soviet designs. The Finnish Air Force also received captured Pe-2s and used them in combat. The robust airframe allowed the machine to be used as a dive bomber. It was increasingly displaced from 1944 by the Tupolev Tu-2 . The Pe-2FT was flown in Czechoslovakia as the B-32 (Bitevní letadlo), the school version Pe-2U as the CB-32 (Cvičná bitevní). The Pe-2 was also used in Poland and Yugoslavia .

The model was continuously modernized during series production and used as a reconnaissance aircraft, attack aircraft, light bomber and night fighter. After Petlyakov's death in January 1942, A. I. Putilow took over the production management and from June 1943 Vladimir Myasishchev developed further versions as well as further developments based on the Pe-2. This resulted in a large number of variants (around 20) as well as some further developments that differed fundamentally from the original model, some of which did not reach service until after the Second World War. With the Pe-2 on July 24, 1947 Gavril Kondrashev carried out experiments with a catapult seat for the first time in the Soviet Union . In 1949, Pe-2s were still in use as training aircraft for training in instrument flight in the Soviet occupation zone.

At the moment (2014) there is a copy that was recovered in Norway in 1996 for refurbishment in the Kbely Aviation Museum near Prague . The wreck is to be completely restored and will remain in the local museum.

Versions

designation features
series
PB-100 (Pe-2)    First production version delivered from January 1941. In 1940 only two PB-100s were built.
Pe-2FT    From June 1942, all Pe-2s with a turret behind the cockpit with 12.7 mm MK UBT and reinforced cockpit armor were delivered. The aircraft in use were also retrofitted in this way. FT stands for "Frontowoje Trebowanije" (demands of the front). From 1943 the version Pe-2FT-3 appeared with a modified navigator cabin .
Pe-2FS    From February 1943, the version of the Pe-2FT with more powerful Klimow WK-105PM engines was produced . FS stands for "Frontowoje Sadanije" (on behalf of the front).
Pe-2R Lighter reconnaissance version (Raswedtschik) from 1942 with greater range.
Pe-2UT
(UPe-2, Pe-2S)		 School and training version (Utschebno-Trenirowotschny) from 1943 with double control. The specimens used in Czechoslovakia after the war were designated as CB-32 (Cvičná Bitevní).
Version with on-board radar Gneis-2
Pe-2I The original version as a heavy hunter (Istrebitel) was only built in small numbers. After the end of the war, these aircraft were equipped with 1,215 kW engines and bomb bays and were flown as bombers.
Test sample
Pe-2M    Version planned for series production from October 1941 with turbocharged engines. Due to the evacuation of the factory, production was discontinued. A modified version was later named that way.
Pe-2Sch    Also in October 1941 this attack aircraft version (Schturmowik) was tested with the MG battery pointing downwards. The evacuation of the plant thwarted series production.
Pe-2M-82    Pe-2 with M-82 engines from 1943.
Pe-2 Parawan    Execution with a special device running from the wing outer edges to the nose tip for cutting blocking balloon ropes .
Pe-2RD
(Pe-2ARU)		 On October 1st, 1943 Vasilchenko flown for the first time and tested in 1943/1944 a test model with an additional 300 kp rocket engine (Raketny Dwigatel) RD-1ChS (РД-1ХЗ) or also SchRD-1 (ЖРД-1) in the rear. The engine name stands for Khimitscheskije Saschiganije (Химические Зажигание, chemical ignition) or Schidkostny Raketny Dwigatel (Жидкостный Ракетный Двигатель, liquid rocket engine). The accelerator facility ARU-1 (ARU-1) came from Sergei Koroljow .
DB-108 and
WB-109 		Developments by Vladimir Mjasishchev that were created in 1944 and 1945 and were not put into production.

Technical specifications

Pe-2 in June 1944
Three-sided view of the Pe-2M-82
Parameter Pe-2 Pe-2FT
length 12.66 m 12.45 m
Wingspan 17.16 m
height 4.00 m
Wing area 40.50 m²
drive two Klimow M-105 V12 engines with controllable pitch propellers
Type / starting power M-105R with 1,110 hp (816 kW) each WK-105PF with 1,210 HP (890 kW) each
Top speed
at an altitude of 5,000 m 		540 km / h 581 km / h
Walking speed
at an altitude of 5,000 m 		428 km / h 480 km / h
Service ceiling 8,800 m 9,000 m
Range 1,500 km 1,770 km
Empty mass 5,870 kg 5,950 kg
Max. Takeoff mass 7,680 kg 7,700 kg
Armament three 7.62 mm MG SchKAS three 12.7 mm MG UBS and UBT
Drop armament 600 to 1,000 kg bombs
crew 3 men

literature

Web links

Commons : Petlyakov Pe-2  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Vaclav Nemecek: Československá letadla . Naše Vojsko, Prague 1968, p. 185 (Czech).
  2. ↑ FliegerRevue X, No. 44, p. 7
  3. ↑ Peter Stache: Soviet missiles in the service of science and defense . Military Publishing House of the GDR , Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-327-00302-5 , p. 81-84 .