Phagmodrupa dynasty

Tibetan name
Tibetan script : ཕག་ མོ་ གྲུ་པ་
Wylie transliteration : phag mo gru pa
Pronunciation in IPA : [ pʰakmoʈʂupa ]
Official transcription of the PRCh : Pagmozhuba
THDL transcription : Phagmodrupa
Other spellings: Pakmodrupa
Chinese name
Traditional : 帕木竹巴
Pinyin : Pàmùzhúbā

Seal of the "Abhiseka Master of the State and King of Enlightenment" ( Guàndǐng guóshī chǎnhuà wáng yìn灌頂國師闡化王印)

The Phagmodrupa dynasty was a rule established by the Lang family ( Rlangs / Glang ) in the Tibetan administrative district of Lhokha ( Shannan ) during the time of the Yuan and Ming dynasties . In the beginning it was one of the Thirteen Ten Thousands of U-Tsang of the Yuan Dynasty .

In the 14th year of the Zhizheng era of the Yuan emperor Shundi (1354), the chief of the ten thousand , Changchub Gyeltshen (1302-1364), was appointed tai situ ; for his office he received the corresponding imperial seal. Changchub Gyeltshen waged war against Sakya and other religious schools. As a result, he exercised jurisdiction over most of the areas of Ü-Tsang. He created the military history work " History of the Lang Family ".

At the beginning of the Ming dynasty , his successor Jamyang Shakya Gyeltshen (1340-1373) was appointed "Abhiseka Master of the State and King of the Enlightenment" ( Guàndǐng guóshī chǎnhuà wáng灌頂國師闡化王). In the fourth year of the Yongle era (1406) of the Ming dynasty, his later successor Dragpa Gyeltshen (1374-1432) was appointed "Abhiseka Master of the State and King of Enlightenment"; the office was inherited. In the next generation there were internal divisions, reducing the power of the dynasty. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it went under after Gushri Khan's invasion of Tibet.

Rulers table

Source: renwens.com

The table provides the following information: (a) Tibetan names in German spelling, (b) Romanization according to Wylie , (c) Tibetan names in spelling with Chinese characters and prefixed Pinyin , (d) duration of rule, (e) year of commencement in the sixties cycle of the traditional Chinese calendar , (f) year of commencement of rule.

Changchub Gyeltshen ( byang chub rgyal mtshan ) Jiangqu Jianzan 绛曲坚赞 (18) 甲午 1354
Shakya Gyeltshen ( sh'akya rgyal mtshan ) Shijia Jianzan 释迦坚赞 (13) 壬子 1372
Chenga Dragpa Changchub ( spyan snga grags pa byang chub ) Jing'e Zhaba Jiangqu 京俄扎巴降曲 (6) 乙丑 1385
Sönam Dragpa ( bsod nams grags pa ) Suonan Zhaba 索南扎巴 (18) 辛未 1391
Dragpa Gyeltshen ( grags pa rgyal mtshan ) Zhaba Jianzan 扎巴坚赞 (26) 己丑 1409
Sanggye Gyeltshen ( sangs rgyas rgyal mtshan ) Sangji Jianzan 桑吉坚赞 (5) 乙卯 1435
Dragpa Chungne ( grags pa 'byung gnas ) Zhaba Jiongnai 扎巴迥乃 (28) 庚申 1440
Künga Legpa ( kun dga 'legs pa ) Gongga Leba 贡噶勒巴 (5) 己丑 1469
Rinchen Dorje ( rin chen rdo rje ) Renqin Duoji 仁钦多吉 (40) 甲午 1474
Ngagi Wangpo ( ngag gi dbang po ) Age Wangbo 阿格旺波 (51) 甲戌 1514
Ngawang Trashi Dragpa ( ngag dbang bkra shis grags pa ) Awang Zhaxi Zhaba 阿旺扎西扎巴 (14) 乙丑 1565
Shabdrung Ngawang Dragpa ( zhabs drung ngag dbang grags pa ) Xiazhong Awang Zhaba 夏仲阿旺扎巴 (38) 己卯 1579

literature

Tsepon WD Shakapa: The Rise of Changchub Gyaltsen and the Phagmo Drupa Period (PDF; 154 kB), from: Bulletin of Tibetology , 1981 Gangtok: Namgyal Institute of Tibetology
Chen Qingying: History of Tibet . China Intercontinental Press, Beijing 2004
Karénina Kollmar-Paulenz: Small history of Tibet . CH Beck 2006, ISBN, pp. 66–67, 94ff ( limited online version in the Google book search)
Peter Schwieger: Significance of Ming Titles Conferred upon the Phag mo gru Rulers: A Reevaluation of Chinese-Tibetan Relation during the Ming Dynasty

reference books

Cihai ("Sea of Words"), Shanghai cishu chubanshe, Shanghai 2002, ISBN 7-5326-0839-5

Web links

References and comments

↑ In the history of the Mongol dynasty ( Yuanshi ), j.87, under the name " 伯木古魯 ".
↑ Reproduced from renwens.com ( memento from March 23, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) - found on June 29, 2010. - The spelling of the names in the table is based entirely on the spelling of Tibetan names in Chinese. The table has the following heading in Chinese: "帕竹 (第司) (1354-1618)" [Pinyin = Pazhu (Disi) (1354-1618) "Phagdru (Desi) (1354-1618)"].

[1] In the history of the Mongol dynasty ( Yuanshi ), j.87, under the name " 伯木古魯 ".

[2] Reproduced from renwens.com ( memento from March 23, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) - found on June 29, 2010. - The spelling of the names in the table is based entirely on the spelling of Tibetan names in Chinese. The table has the following heading in Chinese: "帕竹 (第司) (1354-1618)" [Pinyin = Pazhu (Disi) (1354-1618) "Phagdru (Desi) (1354-1618)"].