Philosophy ship

The passenger ship Lord Mayor Haken

Memorial plaque in St. Petersburg, erected by the St. Petersburg Philosophical Society (November 15, 2003)

Philosophenschiff ( Russian Философский пароход "Philosophendampfer") is called an action by the Bolshevik government of Soviet Russia , in which unpopular intellectuals were brought out of the country in September and November 1922. The author of the expulsion, Lenin , called this the "long-term cleansing of Russia".

Expatriation in 1922

“Philosophenschiff” is the collective name for at least five ships, including the voyage of the German passenger ship Lord Mayor Haken (September 29/30) and the Prussian trajectory (November 16/17), which carries 225 people, including 32 students, from Petrograd brought to Stettin .

In addition to the “philosopher ships”, there were other expulsions of intellectuals by land across the Polish border to Berlin. In 1923 a deportation was carried out from Petrograd to Riga and from Odessa to Constantinople .

The intellectuals forcibly exiled on “philosophers' ships” in 1922, including university professors and eleven philosophers, included the following well-known personalities:

• Nikolai Alexandrovich Berdyayev
• Valentin Fyodorovich Bulgakov
• Sergei Nikolayevich Bulgakov
• Ivan Alexandrovich Ilyin
• Lev Platonovich Karsavin
• Alexander Alexandrowitsch Kiesewetter
• Nestor Kotliarewski
• Dmitri Kuzmin-Karavaev
• Nikolai Onufrijewitsch Lossky
• Venedict Miakotin
• Mikhail Andreevich Ossorgin
• Pitirim Sorokin
• Sergei Evgenyevich Trubetskoi
• Simon Frank
• Fedor Stepun
• Boris Vysheslavtsev

Among the 224 people exiled were 43 doctors, 69 professors, teachers and scientists, 10 engineers, 7 lawyers and judges, 29 writers, journalists, etc.

Reminiscence 2003

"Philosophers ship" was also called a passenger ship that the participants of the XXI. International Philosophers' Congress "Philosophy in the Face of Global Problems", which took place from August 10th to 17th, 2003 in Istanbul , brought back to Russia. The symbolic content of this action: Russian philosophy is returning home.

literature

• Felix Philipp Ingold : On the philosopher's ship. Lenin's great 'operation' against the Russian intelligentsia. In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung. (2000), p. 66.
• VG Makarov; VS Christoforov: Passažiry ‹filosofskogo parochoda›. (Sud'by intelligencii, repressirovannoj letom-osen'ju 1922g.) . In: Voprosy filosofii No. 7 (600) 2003, pp. 113–137 [German: The passengers of the 'Philosophers' Ship'. (The fate of the intelligentsia persecuted in the summer / autumn of 1922 ) ; contains a list with biographical information on all intellectuals exiled from Russia between 1922 and 1923]. On-line

Web links

• F. Ph. Ingold: "Aktion Philosophenschiff" (FAZ, December 19, 2003)
• Н.А. Дмитриева, “Летучий голландец” российской интеллигенции (очерки истории “Философского парохода., 2005, No. 3/4–ис10
• В. Шенталинский, "Философский пароход"
• Documents on the history of expulsion, March 19, 1922. - Zeitschr. "Russian Archives", 2003, No. 1
• Депортация интеллигенции

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Н.А. Дмитриева, "Ой ты, участь корабля…", или Снова о "Философском пароходе" (Russian)
2. ↑ Пассажиры «Философского парохода» (Судьбы интеллигенции, репрессированной летом — осенью 1922 г.) (Russian)
3. ↑ ^{a b} В.Г.Макаров, BCХристофоров: ПАССАЖИРЫ «ФИЛОСОФСКОГО ПАРОХОДА» (СУДЬБЫ ИНТЕЛЛИГЕ.НЦИИ, ЕНО ЕНЕЙ РЕ22). Retrieved September 30, 2016 (in Russian, with short biographies of the exiles).