Red oak wrack
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Red oak wrack ( Phycodrys rubens ), |
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| Phycodrys rubens | ||||||||||||
| ( L. ) Batters |
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The red oak wrack ( Phycodrys rubens ), also known as the red oak wrack , is a type of red algae . It is widespread on the coasts of the northern hemisphere and is also found in the North Sea and Baltic Sea.
description
The red oak wrack resembles a branch with leaves. The seaweed is attached to the ground with an adhesive disk and branched, runners-like rhizoids . The flat, rose-red to brown-red thallus is traversed by a strong, elastic midrib that forms a stalk at the base. The single-layer thallus surface is deeply bulged or pinnately lobed and toothed on the edge. Opposite lateral nerves run into the lobes on both sides of the midrib. Some of them show stronger growth and branch out several times. The thallus reaches 5–20 (rarely up to 30) centimeters in height, the leaf-like parts are about 2–8 centimeters wide.
Development cycle
The red oak wrack is perennial, only its central ribs overwinter. The renewal of the thallus surfaces already begins in winter, from April to August the seaweed then shows its typical, oak-leaf-like shape. From August onwards, numerous fringed outgrowths begin to sprout. The reproductive organs occur at these narrow edge Papers: on the gametophyte each Spermatangien and Zystokarpien , the identically designed Tetrasporophyten the Tetrasporangien. Cystocarpies can also form on the ribs of freshly sprouted "leaves". In autumn the thallus surface shreds and finally degenerates.
Occurrence
The red oak wrack is widespread on the sea coasts in the north, north-east and north-west Atlantic and also in the north-west Pacific . In the North Sea it occurs near Heligoland , and also in the western and eastern Baltic Sea .
It grows in tidal pools in the lower intertidal zone and in the sublittoral . It colonizes rocks or larger algae, especially the stems of palm wrack ( Laminaria hyperborea ).
Systematics
The first scientific description was made in 1753 by Carl von Linné under the name Fucus rubens (In: Species Plantarum , Volume 2, p. 1162). Edward Arthur Lionel Batters placed the species in the genus Phycodrys in 1902 .
There are many synonyms : Agarum rubens (L.) Link , Delesseria sinuosa J.V.Lamouroux , Delesseria sinuosa f. sublinearis Rosenvinge , Fucus cartilagineus Forsskål , Fucus crenatus S.G.Gmelin , Fucus epiphyllus O.F.Müller , Fucus roseus O.F.Müller , Fucus rubens L. , Fucus sinuosus Goodenough & Woodward , Phyllophora epiphylla (OFMüller) Batters , Phyllophora rubens (L.) Greville , Prolifera rubens Stackhouse , Phycodrys crenata (SGGmelin) PCSilva , Phycodrys sinuosa ( Goodenough & Woodward) Kützing , Phycodrys sinuosa f. typica Kjellman and Sphaerococcus sinuosus (Goodenough & Woodward) C. Agardh .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Michael Guiry: The Seaweed Site: information on marine algae: Phycodrys rubens , accessed on November 19, 2015.
- ↑ a b c Wolfram Braune: Marine algae. A color guide to the common benthic green, brown and red algae of the world's oceans . Ruggell: Gantner, 2008, ISBN 978-3-906166-69-8 , pp. 514-515.
- ↑ P. Kornmann, PH Sahling: Sea algae from Helgoland - Benthic green, brown and red algae. Biological Institution Helgoland, Hamburg 1983, ISSN 0017-9957 , pp. 236-238.
- ↑ Dirk Schories, Uwe Selig, Hendrik Schubert: Species and synonym list of the German marine macroalgae based on historical and recent records (list of species and synomes of macroalgae in German coastal waters - evaluation of historical and recent findings) . In: Rostock. Marine biologist Contribution , Issue 21, 2009, p. 70. PDF file
- ↑ a b Michael D. Guiry in Michael D. Guiry, GM Guiry: Phycodrys rubens - In: Algaebase - World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway, accessed November 19, 2015.
