Pir Sultan Abdal

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Pir Sultan Abdal

Pir Sultan Abdal (* around 1480 in the village of Banaz , Sivas province ; † 1550 ) was a Turkish poet of the Alevi faith, who is now regarded as a model of freedom for many Alevis. There are currently no reliable historical sources about his life. From one of his poems it is concluded that his real name was Haydar. His songs and poems allegedly led to several uprisings in the then Ottoman Empire , which is why he was executed by Hızır Paşa, the governor of Sivas at that time.

His poetry is rich in fantasy and Sufi-inspired metaphors about God , nature and love for fellow human beings. His poems made him very popular among both Alevis and Sunnis . In his poems, Pir Sultan Abdal expressed the social, cultural and religious sentiments of his fellow men. He is also considered a rebel against the Ottoman establishment. The earliest collection of oral tradition took place in the 20th century. Today more than 400 poems are ascribed to Pir Sultan Abdal, the selection of which is based on a convention of his followers and cannot be clearly confirmed with research methods.

Life

Pir Sultan Abdal was born in Banaz Village, Yildizeli District, Sivas Province. His real name is said to have been Haydar, the pseudonym is made up of Pir ( Persian پير"The (wise) old man", which is the title of the head of a dervish order ( Tariqa ) and the term sheikh , Arabic شيخ, corresponds to), Sultan ( Arabic سلطانfor "ruler"), which in this case is an honorable address, and Abdāl (أبدال), which also denotes a rank in some dervish orders. He belonged to the bards called Aşık and accompanied his sung verses on the Turkish long-necked lute Saz .

The historical Pir Sultan Abdal

Since Pir Sultan was an honorary title of the Alevi order, one could identify several poets with this title. For this reason, the uniqueness of the author of countless poems and the main hero of many legends was controversial for some time. At the end of the 18th century there was a poet Pir Sultan who came from Çorum and worked in Ankara in the Hasan Dede monastery. However, this was not called Pir Sultan Abdal, but this also had the "civil" name Haydar.

In Divriği lived also a Pir Sultan, however, actually Halil Ibrahim said in the 18th century. However, only one Pir Sultan Abdal could be linked to the execution from the legends and the tenure of the Beylerbeys of Sivas, Hizir Pascha. Current literary scholarship assumes that this Pir Sultan Abdal from the many legends and author of many poems is identical to that Haydar from Banaz.

Poems (selection)

A well-known poem, which is attributed to Pir Sultan Abdal, is Ötme Bülbül Ötme (German: chirp not nightingale, chirp not). It is very well known as a song in Turkey:

Sculpture outside of Banaz

Original Turkish text

Ötme Bulbul Ötme, Şen Değil Bağım
Dost Senin Derdinden Ben Yana Yana
Tükendi Fitilim Eridi Yağım
Dost Senin Derdinden Ben Yana Yana

Deryadan Bölünmüş Sellere Döndüm
Vakitsiz ACILAN Güllere Döndüm
atesi Kararmış Küllere Döndüm
Dost Senin Derdinden Ben Yana Yana

Haberin Duyarsın Peyikler İle
Yaramı Sarsınlar Şehitler İle
Kirk Yıl Dağda Gezdim Geyikler İle
Dost Senin Derdinden Ben Yana Yana

Abdal Pir Sultan'ım, Doldum Eksildim
Yemeden İçmeden Sudan Kesildim
Halkımı Sevdiğim Için Asıldım
Dost Senin Derdinden Ben Yana Yana


Possible translation:

Silence nightingale, there is mourning in the garden
Since you, my friend, are there and I am far from you.
My wick is burned, my wax is melted
friend, your suffering is aflame in me.

I am the river that pours into the sea.
I am the rose that bloomed and withered prematurely.
I am the cold ashes, the fire has long been out.
Friend, your suffering kindles in me.

What they have done to me, you will find out,
With martyrs they shall close my wounds.
Forty years of painful loneliness
With deer in the wilderness of the mountains
Friend, your suffering kindles in me.

One time I am completely Pir Sultan Abdal.
Another time just a shadow.
Cut off from the water without drinking or eating
. I was hanged because I loved my people very much,
friend, your suffering kindles in me.

Another possible translation :

Do not sing Nightingale, do not sing,
Cheerful is no longer my garden
friend, your troubles rob me of my senses,
and takes my breath of life
friend, your suffering burns in me

I'm like a, lost by the World Come Sturm
am like a too early withered rose
burned my insides to ashes
friend, your suffering burns in me you

will hear my message with the deer
shall they heal my wounds with martyrs
alone with the deer in the mountains after forty years I found myself
friend, your suffering burns in me

Abdal Pir Sultan, I, sometimes full of sorrow, sometimes
just emptiness,
without hunger, without thirst,
I go to death for the love of my people,
friend, your suffering burns inside me

Another poem

Due to the lack of historical sources and the lack of original manuscripts, it is not certain who actually wrote the poems ascribed to him. As is often the case in the Islamic world, later-born poets repeatedly refer to their role models, whom they venerate as masters, dedicate their poems to them or even write them under their names. The following poem could have been written by a - or a - later born, whereby different metaphysical levels come into play: In the not only Islamic mysticism the "I-dimension" is exceeded again and again, since the mystic is part of it of a universal whole. Mystic poets often also foresee their own death (see here ). Accordingly, Pir Sultan can be his own daughter or someone "else" - or, as can be seen from the last lines of the poem, he already sees himself united with God (" Fanā " or " Unio mystica "). The mention of his name at the end of the poem points to him as a master or even as an author:

dün gece seyrimde coştuydu Dağlar
Dağlar aglar aglar pir sultan Deyue
gündüz hayalimde gece düşümde
düş de aglar aglar pir sultan Deyue

uzundu usuldu dedemin boyu
yıldız'dır Yaylası banaz'dır köyü
yaz bahar ayında bulanır suyu
sular aglar aglar pir sultan Deyue

pir sultan kızıydım ben be banaz'da
kanlı yaş akıttım baharda yazda
dedemi astılar kanlı sivas'ta
darağacı aglar Pir Sultan Deyue

kemendimi attim DARA dolaştı
kâfirlerin eli kana bulaştı
koyun geldi kuzuları meleşti
Koçlar aglar aglar Pir Sultan Deyue

Pir Sultan ABDAL'ım ey yüce Gani
daim yediğimiz kudretin Hani
Hakka teslim ettin ol şirin canı
dostlar ağlar ağlar pir sultan deyü

tonight in the dream the mountains flowed over /
the mountains wept pir sultan pir sultan /
day when i brood / at night when i dream /
the dreams weep pir sultan pir sultan it was

my father / the great quiet old man /
the drift is called yıldız / our village banaz /
the brooks run cloudy in the middle of summer /
the brooks weep pir sultan pir sultan

the daughter i am / at home in banaz /
whether spring or summer / i just cry /
they hanged my father in bloody sivas /
the gallows wept pir sultan pir sultan

i threw my lasso / it caught the gallows /
the hands of the heretics are bloodstained /
there came the sheep / loudly the lambs bleated /
the hammers cry pir sultan pir sultan

PİR SULTAN were you / in the name of the lord /
we ate from you / you gave us life /
now the truth has your life whole /
the friends cry pir sultan pir sultan

literature

References and comments

  1. ↑ Nurettin Albayrak in: İslâm Ansiklopedisi , sv Pîr Sultan Abdal
  2. ↑ See Arabic حيدر, DMG Ḥaidar  'lion', honorary name of ʿAlī ibn Abī Tālib , after whom the Alevis (= "followers of 'Alīs") are named.
  3. ↑ Sadettin Nüzhet [Ergun]: XVII. Asır Saz Şairlerinden Pir Sultan Abdal, Istanbul 1929
  4. ↑ Paul Koerbin: Pir Sultan Abdal: Encounters with Persona in Alevi Lyric song. In: Oral Tradition, Vol. 26, No. 1, 2011, pp. 191–220, here pp. 193f
  5. ↑ Information about the poem on the website of the Turkish state television (TRT)
  6. ↑ This is an important epithet of God ( Arabic الحق, DMG al-Ḥaqq  'Justice, Truth').
  7. ^ Translation / retouching in the original spelling by the author Gisela Kraft, from: Mit Bergen mit Steinen , p. 38 f. (see section Literature ).

Web links

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personal data
SURNAME Pir Sultan Abdal
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Turkish-Alevi poet
DATE OF BIRTH around 1480
DATE OF DEATH 1550