Placitum

In diplomacy, a placitum is understood to be a royal court document that differs from other documents in the design of the form . The term placitum can also refer to meetings and the decisions made there.

Placita date from the early Middle Ages . There are no ancient precursors. The first Placitum of a Merovingian king has been handed down to the year 643. 19 placita have survived from the Merovingian period. Four more come from Arnulfingian house fights . Eight placita survive from the reign of Karl Martell . Already after 780 only two placita were issued for north alpine recipients. During the reign of Louis the Pious , the placita disappeared completely. While Placita is completely absent in the East Franconian Empire , some placita have survived from the West Franconian Empire . Pippin I of Aquitaine issued another Placitum. Three more placita each are attested under Kahl the Bald and Charles the Simple .

There are different explanations for the disappearance of the placita in diplomacy. For Georges Tessier it was a problem of transmission. According to Theodor Sickel , the ruler might not have the time to hold court because of other obligations. Robert-Henri Bautier suspected that one diplomatic format had been exchanged for another. Andrea Stieldorf does not hold any development immanent in the documents responsible for the disappearance of the ruling Placita, but rather sees the changes in the judiciary, especially in the second half of the 8th century, as well as in the rulership practice and conception of Charlemagne and his son as decisive. Karl and Ludwig no longer appeared as presiding judges in the royal court and with that the placita who described this had also disappeared.

literature

Jürgen Weitzel : Placitum . In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages (LexMA). Volume 6, Artemis & Winkler, Munich / Zurich 1993, ISBN 3-7608-8906-9 , Sp. 2195.

Remarks

↑ Wilfried Hartmann : To some problems of the council history. In: Archivum Historiae Pontificum 9 (1977) pp. 6–28, here p. 12.
↑ Andrea Stieldorf: On the "disappearance" of the ruling Placita at the beginning of the 9th century. In: Archive for Diplomatics, History of Writing, Seal and Heraldry , Vol. 53 (2007), pp. 1–26, here: p. 6.
↑ Andrea Stieldorf: On the "disappearance" of the ruling Placita at the beginning of the 9th century. In: Archive for Diplomatics, History of Writing, Seal and Heraldry , Vol. 53 (2007), pp. 1–26, here: p. 8.
↑ Andrea Stieldorf: On the "disappearance" of the ruling Placita at the beginning of the 9th century. In: Archive for Diplomatics, History of Writing, Seal and Heraldry , Vol. 53 (2007), pp. 1–26, here: p. 4.
^ Georges Tessier: Diplomatique royale française. Paris 1962, p. 115ff.
^ Theodor Sickel: Acta Karolinorum et imperatorum digesta et enarrata 1. Doctrine of the documents of the first Carolingians (751-840). Vienna 1867, p. 358.
^ Robert-Henri Bautier: La chancellerie et les actes royaux dans les royaumes carolingiens. In: Ders .: Chartes, sceaux et chancelleries. Etudes de diplomatique et de sigillographie médiévales, Part 2, Paris 1990, pp. 461-536, pp. 523-528.
↑ Andrea Stieldorf: On the "disappearance" of the ruling Placita at the beginning of the 9th century. In: Archive for Diplomatics, History of Writing, Seal and Heraldry , Vol. 53 (2007), pp. 1–26, here: p. 22.

[1] Wilfried Hartmann : To some problems of the council history. In: Archivum Historiae Pontificum 9 (1977) pp. 6–28, here p. 12.

[2] Andrea Stieldorf: On the "disappearance" of the ruling Placita at the beginning of the 9th century. In: Archive for Diplomatics, History of Writing, Seal and Heraldry , Vol. 53 (2007), pp. 1–26, here: p. 6.

[3] Andrea Stieldorf: On the "disappearance" of the ruling Placita at the beginning of the 9th century. In: Archive for Diplomatics, History of Writing, Seal and Heraldry , Vol. 53 (2007), pp. 1–26, here: p. 8.

[4] Andrea Stieldorf: On the "disappearance" of the ruling Placita at the beginning of the 9th century. In: Archive for Diplomatics, History of Writing, Seal and Heraldry , Vol. 53 (2007), pp. 1–26, here: p. 4.

[5] Georges Tessier: Diplomatique royale française. Paris 1962, p. 115ff.

[6] Theodor Sickel: Acta Karolinorum et imperatorum digesta et enarrata 1. Doctrine of the documents of the first Carolingians (751-840). Vienna 1867, p. 358.

[7] Robert-Henri Bautier: La chancellerie et les actes royaux dans les royaumes carolingiens. In: Ders .: Chartes, sceaux et chancelleries. Etudes de diplomatique et de sigillographie médiévales, Part 2, Paris 1990, pp. 461-536, pp. 523-528.

[8] Andrea Stieldorf: On the "disappearance" of the ruling Placita at the beginning of the 9th century. In: Archive for Diplomatics, History of Writing, Seal and Heraldry , Vol. 53 (2007), pp. 1–26, here: p. 22.