Platydema europaeum
| Platydema europaeum | ||||||||||||
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Platydema europaeum |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Platydema europaeum | ||||||||||||
| Laporte & Brullé , 1831 |
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| Fig. 1: side view | Fig. 2: obliquely from behind |
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Fig. 3: Larva (A) with details: B: upper jaw C, right partially colored: blue: lower jaw; green: jaw button; red: lip probe , D: leg E: end of the body at the side F: Perris feeler |
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Platydema europaeum is a beetle from the family of black beetles and the subfamily Diaperinae . The genus Platydema comprises 62 species worldwide , four of which can be found in Europe.
Physique of the beetle
The rather flat beetle becomes five to six millimeters long. It is oval, the top is matt black and bare. The antennae and legs are rust-red.
Compared to Platydema violaceum, the head is somewhat narrower and more rounded at the front edge. The eleven-jointed antennae almost reach the rear edge of the pronotum. They widen from the fifth link. The last three links are about the same size and wider than they are long. The tip of the upper jaw is split. The end link of the jaw probe is large and slightly ax-shaped, the end link of the lip probe is egg-shaped. The upper lip is connected to the head with a shiny synovial membrane. The eyes are large and arched and outlined in front by the cheeks.
The pronotum is wider than it is long and has a fine and smooth edge on the side. It is widest at the base and narrows sharply towards the front. The front corners are rectangular, only the extreme tip is rounded; the rear corners are acute-angled. Both the front edge and the base of the pronotum are double-indented. The pronotum is finely but clearly dotted, not arched in the longitudinal section, slightly arched in the cross-section.
The deck wings are more than one and a half times as long as they are wide together. The shoulder bumps are well developed. Each wing cover has eight subtle and barely recessed point stripes that are more prominent on the outside. The eighth stripe on the side of the wing covers is also complete. The intervals between the dotted strips are fairly flat and almost imperceptibly dotted. The wing covers are only very weakly arched, both sides are clearly visible from above.
The underside is often tinged red. It is strongly dotted and shows fine longitudinal stripes on the abdomen. The mid-breast is deeply V-shaped at the front. In the edge there is a raised and pointed extension of the front breast. The tarsi of the front and middle pair of legs are five-limbed, the hind tarsi four-limbed. The first tarsal link is thin and longer than the second and third combined.
Notes on the name
The species was first found by Perroud in Spain and named Diaperis Petitii , independently of which Godet named specimens found in the Caucasus Phloeobia agilis . Neither of them described the beetle, however, and so today it bears the name of the first person who found the species in southern France and described it under the name Platydema europaea . The first description was made in the context of the division of the genus Diaperis by Laporte de Castelnau and Brullé in 1831. The species, whose jaws are triangular to ax-shaped and whose antennae are expanded on both sides, they summarized in the genus Platydema . As an explanation of the etymology , they themselves state that the name of Altgr. πλατύς "platýs" for "wide, flat" and δέμας "démas" for "body" is derived. In contrast to the remaining genus Diaperis, the flat physique is particularly clearly developed in Platydema europaeum .
The authors described Platydema Europaea as the 17th species of the new genus, knowing the names of Perroud and Godet . It can be assumed that the species name europaea was given because specimens from Spain, southern France and the Caucasus were already known in the description. However, it was overlooked that the gender of the noun δέμας (démas) is neuter , and the epithet was given the feminine ending.
larva
The hairless and leathery larva of the last instar (Fig. 3A) measures eight millimeters. It is narrow, only slightly wider in the first third than in the middle and only slightly narrower in the last third. The top is convex and matt brown, the edges of the segments reddish. The underside is vividly reddish and depressed especially in the chest area.
The head is as wide as the first breast segment. It is bright red, rather domed, almost straight on the sides. He has some small hair. It is very fine in front, more powerful and more densely dotted on the forehead. At the front it has two fine furrows that form a "V". The front edge is broad and not deeply bulged. There is a small tubercle at each end of the indentation. The upper lip is in the shape of a transverse semi-ellipse and has two flat dimples. The strong upper jaws (Fig. 3B) are bright red, the ends blackish. They are strongly rounded, curved inwards and have two teeth. The lower jaws (Fig. 3C, right blue) are finely haired in front. You reach the tip of the second link of the jaw probe (Fig. 3C, green on the right). These are bent inwards and consist of three short links of equal length. The heart-shaped lower lip is surmounted by the two two-part lip buttons (Fig. 3C, right red). The feelers (Fig. 3F) are four-part. The base link is short and thick, the second significantly longer. The third link is longer than the first two together and thickened in a club-shaped manner. The slender end link is slightly shorter than the second and has one long hair and two or three short hairs. The eyes consist of four ocells near the point where the antennae are turned. Three ocels are elongated and stand in a row, a fourth, larger ocell is below the foremost.
The first breast section is about as long as the other two combined. All three have a hair on each side and a centrally located longitudinal furrow on top, which continues on the abdomen and becomes weaker there. They also have a network of very fine wrinkles. The legs (Fig. 3D) are four-limbed with an awl-shaped claw. The rails have long spiky hair underneath.
The abdomen consists of nine sections, the first eight of which are similar in shape and surface structure to the breast segments. The ninth link (Fig. 3E) is smaller, conical and has a few hairs and a small conical spike near the end on each side. Underneath there is a deeply divided appendage, which is supported on the ground when moving and otherwise closes the anal opening.
The larva differs from the larva of Platydema violaceum in that the last dorsal segment in europaeum ends less pointed than in violaceum and has four longer hairs on the rear edge, not numerous bristles.
Doll
On the front and side edges of the front breast there are tubercles, on each of which a small hair arises. On each side of the abdominal segments there is an elevation under the membrane that is divided into two lobes of unequal size, each with a hair. The last abdominal segment has some hair on it. It ends with two appendices. These are pointed, conical, approached and only move a little apart.
biology
Larvae and beetles live in tree sponges and under loose tree bark of various types of pine . They feed on the mushrooms that grow here. Pupation takes place in a loosely woven elliptical red-yellow cocoon .
distribution
The species is common in Spain, southern France, Corsica, Italy, South Tyrol, Croatia and Greece. The find from the Caucasus mentioned in the first description is not reflected in Fauna Europeae. It reaches the Turkish Mediterranean coast via the Aegean islands.
literature
- Edmund Reitter : Fauna Germanica, the beetles of the German Empire III. Volume, KGLutz 'Verlag, Stuttgart 1911 p. 339
- Gustav Jäger (Ed.): CG Calwer’s Käferbuch . K. Thienemanns, Stuttgart 1876, 3rd edition p. 613
- Natural history of the insects of Germany Begun by WF Erichson Vol. 5, Part 1, Berlin 1877 p. 525ff at BHL
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c E. Perris Insectes du Pin maritime in Annales de la Société entomologique de France , 3rd series, 5th volume, Paris 1857 Larve p. 343f, doll p. 345, pictures plate 8, fig. 401-412 at gallica P. 343ff
- ↑ a b c Platydema europaeum at Fauna Europaea. Retrieved December 9, 2013
- ↑ Taxon profile Platydema Laporte de Castelnau & Brullé 1831 BioLib, accessed December 9, 2013
- ^ Platydema at Fauna Europaea. Retrieved December 9, 2013
- ↑ a b c Natural history of insects in Germany Begun by WF Erichson Vol. 5, Part 1 Berlin 1877 p. 525ff, differentiation of larvae p. 519 in BHL p. 525f
- ↑ a b Fr De Laporte, Aug Brullé: Monographie du genre Diaperis in Annales des sciences naturelles Volume 23, Paris 1831, pp. 325ff. at BHL beginning of the essay p. 325 at BHL description of the species p. 365 at BHL description of the genus p. 333
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (genus) .
- ↑ a b Gersteck: Report on the scientific achievements in the field of entomology during the year 1857 in Archive for Natural History Volume 24, Vol. 1 at BHL P.307
- ↑ Simone Fattorini & Adrian P. Fowles (2005): A biogeographical analysis of the tenebrionid beetles (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) of the island of Thasos in the context of the Aegean Islands (Greece). Journal of Natural History Volume 39, Issue 46: 3919-3949. doi: 10.1080 / 00222930500533443
- ↑ Bekir Keskin (1999): Balçova Baraji (Izmir; Türkiye) civan Tenebrionidae (Coleóptera) faunasi. Türkiye Entomoloji Derneği & Dergisi 23 (3): 211-224.
