Plene notation
Plene spelling ( Latin: plenus "full") is the complete conversion of all spoken vowels of a language into the respective script (s). Particularly in the case consonants fonts (for example, Hebrew , Arabic ) can be applied to the textualization of long and / or short vowels be dispensed (Defektivschreibung) or the vowels are plene , that is by means of additional consonants or a Punktationssystems, advertised.
Plene spelling in Semitic languages
The scripts of the Semitic languages initially only consisted of characters for consonants. The root inflection, which is particularly pronounced in these languages, means that the meaning is changed by changing the vowels while maintaining the consonants. To make the texts more clearly legible, matres lectionis were used and, from the Middle Ages, dots and lines were introduced above and below the consonants to denote the vowels, which are called Nikud in Hebrew .
Plene notation in Arabic
A fully-vocalized text in Arabic contains for the
Long vowels:
(see vocalization in Arabic )
Short vowels:
- Fatha for short a
- Kasra for short i
- Damma for short &
- Sukun for a consonant without vowels
- Tashdid to identify the doubling of consonants
- Wasla for unvocalized consonants at the beginning of a word
- Nunation for the noun endings -un, -in, -an for nouns with an indefinite status
(see Tashkil )
Plene notation in Hebrew
As in Arabic, various notation systems developed, of which the Tiberian system (see table ) ultimately prevailed.
The Ivrit in Israel is written completely unvocalized (with a few exceptions).
See also
- Parish rule
- Coptic script
- Coptic language
- Luwian language
- Nachal Arugot
- Dead Sea Scrolls
- Urartian language
- Werner Weinberg