Plicopurpura columellaris
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| Plicopurpura columellaris | ||||||||||||
| ( Lamarck , 1822) |
Plicopurpura columellaris ( synonym : Plicopurpura pansa ) is the name of a snail belonging to the family of spiny snails , which is common in the Eastern Pacific .
features
The somewhat elongated, egg-shaped, thick-walled, black-brown snail shell of Plicopurpura columellaris , which in adult snails reaches a length of about 8 cm, has a low thread that is clearly separated from the body. The last two, arched turns are covered with flat transverse ribs and fine hoops, indistinctly obliquely grooved lengthways, the ribs are sculptured by protruding, partly scale-like, partly but rough, by solid triangular cusps and slightly recessed lines, and the basal bulge is steeply curved and knotty. The long and narrow, slightly egg-shaped case mouth has a regularly curved, notched and thickened lip with tooth-like folds, some of which stand together in pairs, and on the inner edge short, wide, brown-colored furrows. The white throat of the snail shell shows some strong tires. The very shiny spindle is broad and sunk. The slightly shiny surface of the bowl is black-brown with a transition to purple-brown. The case mouth is colored light reddish, the inside of the lip lined with orange-red, the spindle yellowish-orange with brown markings.
distribution and habitat
Plicopurpura columellaris to be found on the Central American Pacific coast in the intertidal zone on rocky surfaces.
Life cycle
Like other new snails, Plicopurpura columellaris is of separate sexes. After mating, females come together to lay mat-shaped clutches with stalked egg capsules, from which Veliger larvae then hatch.
nutrition
Plicopurpura columellaris eats snails - on the Pacific coast of Panama in particular the barge snail Nerita scabricosta - which it attacks by pressing its proboscis under the operculum .
Status of the species
Plicopurpura columellaris was first described in 1822 by Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck as Purpura columellaris . Like the other Central American purple snails, it was combined with North American, European and Indo-Pacific species to form the genus Purpura for over 100 years . It differs from the northern purple snail that lives in European waters, for example, in its development via a free-swimming Veliger larva and a food spectrum that is more geared towards snails as prey. The Central American purple snail species now grouped under Plicopurpura were the last to be separated from the genus Purpura , which now comprises only three species of the Indo-Pacific , which also develop via free-swimming Veliger larvae.
The Central American purple snails also include the snail individuals described by Augustus Addison Gould in 1853 as Purpura pansa , whose characteristic shell shapes, according to studies by Wellington and Kuris, are phenotypically determined: The thick-walled Purpura columellaris is, according to this, an end stage of the form known as Purpura pansa, which is due to slower growth . where Purpura columellaris is suggested as an older species name. By being assigned to the genus Plicopurpura , Purpura columellaris and Purpura pansa are now synonyms of Plicopurpura columellaris .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Heinrich Carl Küster: The genera Buccinum, Purpura, Concholepas and Monoceros. Bauer & Raspe, Nuremberg 1858. pp. 101f. 10. Lamarck columellar purpura . Plate 18, Fig. 4. 5.
- ^ Heinrich Carl Küster: The genera Buccinum, Purpura, Concholepas and Monoceros. Bauer & Raspe, Nuremberg 1858. pp. 101f. 10. Lamarck columellar purpura. Plate 18, Fig. 4. 5.
- ↑ Stephen D. Garrity, Sally C. Levings (1981): A predator-prey interaction between two physically and biologically constrained tropical rocky shore gastropods: Direct, indirect and community effects. Ecological Monographs 51, pp. 267-286 ( JSTOR ).
- ↑ Gerard M. Wellington, Armand M. Kuris (1983): Growth and Shell Variation in the Tropical Eastern Pacific Intertidal Gastropod Genus Purpura: Ecological and Evolutionary Implications. The Biological Bulletin 164 (3), pp. 518-535 ( JSTOR ).
- ↑ Martine Claremont, Geerat Vermeij, Suzanne T Williams, David G. Reid (2012): Global phylogeny and new classification of the Rapaninae (Gastropoda: Muricidae), dominant molluscan predators on tropical rocky seashores. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 66 (1), pp. 91-102.
- ↑ Plicopurpura pansa (Gould, 1853) , Plicopurpura columellaris (Lamarck, 1816) . World Register of Marine Species.