Purpura (genus)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Purpura
Cases of Purpura bufo (top right) and two cases of Purpura persica. Lovell Augustus Reeve, 1843: Conchologia iconica

Cases of Purpura bufo (top right) and two cases of Purpura persica . Lovell Augustus Reeve , 1843: Conchologia iconica

Systematics
Order : Sorbeoconcha
Subordination : Hypsogastropoda
Partial order : New snails (Neogastropoda)
Superfamily : Muricoidea
Family : Spiny snails (Muricidae)
Genre : Purpura
Scientific name
Purpura
Bruguière , 1789

Purpura is the name of a genus in the family of spiny snails , which consists of three medium-sized, barnacles, clams, and snail-eating snail species in the Indo-Pacific . Lamarck subsumed exactly 50 species under this genus in 1822.

features

The medium-sized, egg-shaped, dorsoventrally slightly flattened cases of the purpura species have a low thread and a very wide case mouth that takes up at least two thirds of the case length. The sculpting is rather poor, so there are numerous low longitudinal ribs that can carry small nodules or blunt spines. The columella is wide, hollow and has no teeth. The inside of the outer lip is striped lengthways (in a spiral direction). In contrast to the Nucella species, the mouth rim is not thickened and does not have any teeth. The snails have an elliptical foot which is shorter than the house and does not protrude beyond it when the animal is crawling. There are two pointed, conical antennae on the head with the eyes in the middle. The operculum is horny and crescent-shaped.

Occurrence and way of life

The snails of the genus Purpura live in the intertidal zone in tropical waters of the Indo-Pacific . They feed on barnacles and mussels , in whose shells they drill holes, but also on snails - especially top snails and periwinkles - which they attack by pressing their proboscis under the operculum . Limpets are pulled from the rocky ground with their feet. The prey is paralyzed with a liquid from the Hypobranchialdrüse, the choline containing which relax the sphincter and thus lead to opening of the operculum and of the shell halves. This liquid turns purple in air .

History of the system

Purpura is the Latinized form of the Greek word πορφύρα, which was also used by Aristotle for the Mediterranean species Hexaplex trunculus and Bolinus brandaris , but also Stramonita haemastoma , meaning purple snail . Pliny the Elder distinguishes between the two purple-forming snails Purpura and Murex , of which Murex is the broader species, according to Mucianus . Purpura ( French: Pourpre) was introduced as a generic name in modern times by Jean-Guillaume Bruguière in his natural history of worms . Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck subsumed 50 species under the genus Purpura in his natural history of invertebrates in 1822 , the first and type species Purpura persica . The genre was valid for a long time to this extent. In the middle of the 20th century, the genus was split into several genres, whereby several names by Peter Friedrich Röding (1798) from the catalog of the Conchyliensammlung of Joachim Friedrich Bolten were used, including the names Nucella , Thais and Drupa . This sometimes led to confusion because the Purpura lapillus mentioned by Röding did not match the type of the Northern purple snail Buccinum lapillus Linnaeus - since Lamarck Purpura lapillus - which led some authors to give the species the name Thais lapillus . The Nucella theobroma mentioned by Röding there is actually the Nordic purple snail, so that ultimately the choice had to fall on the oldest genus name Nucella .

Since the four Central American purple snails were also spun off and form the genus Plicopurpura Cossmann, 1903, the genus Purpura has been limited to three species of the Indo-Pacific . These are Purpura persica (Linnaeus, 1758), Purpura bufo Lamarck, 1822 and Purpura panama (Röding, 1798).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b G. Thomas Watters, Ohio State University: Digital Murex - Purpura Bruguiere, 1789 ( Memento of the original from July 19, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.biosci.ohio-state.edu archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
  2. ↑ a b c J. H. Crothers (1985): Dog-whelks: an introduction to the biology of Nucella lapillus (L.) (PDF; 5.1 MB) ( Memento from December 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ). Field Studies 6: 291-360 (1985). On the systematics of Nucella , Thais and Purpura : p. 341f.
  3. ↑ a b Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck : Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres présentant les caractères généraux et particuliers de ces animaux, leur distribution, leurs genres, et la citation des principales espèces qui s'y rapportent: précédée d'une introduction offrant la détermination des caractères essentiels de l'animal, sa distinction du végétal et des autres corps naturels: enfin, l'exposition des principes fondamentaux de la zoologie . Paris 1815-1822. Pp. 233-250. P. 233: Pourpre. (Purpura.) Coquille ovale, soit mutique, soit tuberculeuse ou anguleuse. Overture dilatée, se terminant inférieurement en une échancrure oblique, subcanaliculée. Columelle aplatie, finissant en pointe à sa base. Testa ovata, vel mutica, vel tuberculifera aut angulosa. Apertura dilatata, inferne emarginata: sinu obliquo, subcanaliculato. Columella depresso-plana, basi in mucronem desinens . P. 234: L'animal des pourpres a un pied elliptique, plus court que la coquille, deux tentacules coniques, pointus, portant les yeux dans leur partie moyenne et extérieure; un manteau formant, pour la respiration, un tube qui passe au-dessus de la tête, se rejetant sur la gauche; et un opercule cartilaneux et semi-lunaire, attaché au pied, près du manteau .
  4. ^ Richard Kilburn, Elizabeth Rippey: Sea Shells of Southern Africa. Macmillan South Africa, Johannesburg 1982. p. 88.
  5. ↑ George Branch, CL Griffiths, ML Branch, LE Beckley: Two Oceans: A Guide to the Marine Life of Southern Africa. Struik Pub, Capetown 2007. p. 160.
  6. ↑ Melbourne R. Carriker (1981): Shell penetration and feeding by naticacean and muricacean predatory gastropods: a synthesis (PDF; 12.5 MB) . Malacologia 20 (2), pp. 403-422.
  7. ↑ Αριστοτέλης : Περί τα ζώα ιστοριών . In: Aristotelis Opera . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1960.
  8. ↑ Eleni Voultsiadou, Dimitris Vafidis (2007): Marine invertebrate diversity in Aristotle's zoology . Contributions to Zoology, 76 (2), pp. 103-120. P. 110: Porphyra (πορφύρα = purpura): the purple dye murex Bolinus brandaris (Linnaeus, 1758), the banded murex Hexaplex trunculus (Linnaeus, 1758) and the red-mouth purpura Stramonita (= Thais) haemastoma (Linnaeus, 1767) .
  9. ↑ Langenscheidt's Latin – German dictionary: entry purpura, ae f (Lw. <Πορφύρα), 1. a) purple snail, b) purple color, purple. [...] 7th edition 1982.
  10. ↑ Plinii : Naturalis Historia Liber IX - Pliny: Natural History Book IX. In: H. Rackham (Ed.): Pliny Natural History with an English translation in ten volumes . Volume III: Libri VIII-XI. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (Massachusetts) 1967. (Original c. 77 AD). P. 215: Mucianus muricem esse latiorem purpura .
  11. ↑ Jean-Guillaume Bruguière, Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck, Gérard Paul Deshayes (eds.): Encyclopédie méthodique . Jean-Guillaume Bruguière: Histoire naturelle des vers . Tome sixième. Panckoucke, Paris 1789. xv, genre 41. Pourpre-purpura. Coquille épineuse ou tuberculée, l'ouverture terminée à la base par un canal très-court & par une petite échanerure oblique .
  12. ↑ Peter Friedrich Röding (1798): Museum Boltenianum, sive, Catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturae quae olim collegerat Joa. Fried. Bolten : pars secunda continens conchylia sive testacea univalvia, bivalvia et multivalvia . Trappi, Hamburg, viii. + 199 pp. Reprinted by British Museum , London 1906.
  13. ^ World Register of Marine Species , Plicopurpura Cossmann, 1903
  14. ^ World Register of Marine Species , Purpura Bruguière, 1789

Web links

Commons : Purpura  - collection of images, videos and audio files