Jean-Guillaume Bruguière

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Jean-Guillaume Bruguière

Jean-Guillaume Bruguière (* 1749 or 1750 in Montpellier , † October 1798 in Ancona in Italy ) was a French doctor , naturalist , diplomat and explorer. Its official botanical author's abbreviation is “ Brug. "

Live and act

As the son of a surgeon , he first studied medicine and completed his studies with a doctorate in 1770, but then turned to botany and zoology in Paris. He undertook his first research trip with Yves Joseph de Kerguelen de Trémarec on his second expedition to the Kerguelen Islands in 1773. Under the reign of Louis XV , the exploration of the oceans of the southern hemisphere was planned.

Back in Montpellier , he was appointed a member of the botanical section of the Société des Sciences et Belles-Lettres . He dealt with fossil finds from coal mining in his region, studied mollusks and wrote the first volume of natural history in the great French " Tableau Encyclopédique et Méthodique des trois Règnes de la Nature: vers, coquilles, mollusques et polypes divers " (1751 -1772). The work was published in Paris in 1788 by the publisher Charles-Joseph Panckoucke . In 1787 he was nominated for the position of botanist in Saint-Domingue , but not considered. Bruguière was friends with the entomologist Guillaume-Antoine Olivier and with Jean-Baptiste Lamarck , with whom he founded the " Journal d'Histoire Naturelle " in 1792 .

Olivier, who was planning an expedition to the Middle East (1792–1798) with the aim of collecting natural history objects , offered Brugiere to participate. They broke up in 1790. They first arrived in Istanbul , but then traveled to Greece and Egypt. From there the journey continued to Baghdad , Kermanshah and Tehran . Here Bruguière took over consular activities in the newly created Franco-Persian alliance (see also Franco-Persian alliance ), but then fell seriously ill. In 1792, despite his poor health, he visited Greece and some Greek islands ( Cyprus , Crete (August 1, 1794 - October 29, 1794), Santorini , Corfu ) and the Middle East together with Guillaume-Antoine Olivier and died there Return to France.

Although he was primarily interested in molluscs and other invertebrates, he also collected plants throughout the trip.

He described various taxa in his co-authored book "Tableau encyclopédique et methodique", which was published in three volumes in 1827 long after his death.

Title page of the " Tableau Encyclopédique et Méthodique des trois Règnes de la Nature: vers, coquilles, mollusques et polypes divers "

He also worked on a natural history of worms (which, after its use at the time, also included other invertebrates ) with the title Histoire Naturelle des Vers. Vol. 1 (1792) in the Encyclopedia méthodique series , but only got to the letter "C". Christian Hee Hwass (1731–1803) continued his work on it. The articles on conchylia are mainly from Hwass . His work was recognized by Georges Cuvier .

Honors

The genus Bruguiera, a mangrove tree from the Rhizophoraceae family , was named after him by Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck . The same has been true since 2014 for Bruguière Peak , a mountain in Ellsworthland in Antarctica .

Fonts

  • Histoire Naturelle des Vers. Encyclopédique Méthodique , Paris 1789.
  • Tableau Encyclopédique et Méthodique des Trois Règnes de la Nature. Contenant l'Helminthologie, ou les Vers Infusoires, les Vers Intestins, les Vers Mollusques, etc , Paris 1791.
  • Histoire Naturelle des Vers. (1792)
  • Tableau Encyclopédique et Méthodique des Trois Règnes de la Nature. Dix Neuvieme Partie , Paris 1797.
  • Tableau Encyclopédique et Méthodique des trois Règnes de la Nature: vers, coquilles, mollusques et polypes divers , posthumously (1827).

literature

  • Jean Théodoridès: Jean-Guillaume Bruguiere (1749-1797) et Guillaume-Antoine Olivier (1756-1814), médecins, naturalistes et voyageurs. Gauthier-Villars, Paris 1962.
  • Entry by Jean-Guillaume Bruguière in: David M. Damkaer: The Copepodologist's Cabinet: A Biographical and Bibliographical History. Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society. (2002), p. 104ff. ISBN 978-0-8716-9240-5 (English).
  • Martin JS Rudwick: Bursting the limits of time: the reconstruction of geohistory in the age of revolution. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago / London 2005, pp. 257-258.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ JSTOR plans Science Biographical Data in English
  2. ↑ Lac, HW: The early botanical exploration of the island of Crete. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Vienna 98 B Suppl. 183-236 Vienna, December (1996), p. 225
  3. ↑ [1] JSTO Plant science biography in English
  4. ↑ Goulven Laurent: Jean-Guillaume Bruguière (1750-1798), et les débuts de la paleontologie des invertébrés. In Travaux du comité français d'histoire del la géologie. Troisième série. T.XVI (2002)
personal data
SURNAME Bruguière, Jean-Guillaume
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bruguière, Jean Guillaume
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French naturalist; Doctor; consul
DATE OF BIRTH 1749 or 1750
PLACE OF BIRTH Montpellier , France
DATE OF DEATH October 1798
Place of death Ancona , Italy