Podchinny
Podtschinny ( Russian Подчинный , also Podtschinnoje ( Russian Подчинное ), until 1941 Kratzke ) is a settlement in the Volgograd Oblast ( Russia ), which was founded by Volga Germans in the 18th century .
geography
Podchinny lies between the cities of Saratov and Volgograd near the village of Aleschniki (until 1941 Dittel ). It is part of the rural community Aleschnikowskoje selskoje posselenije of Rajons Zhirnovsk .
history
The Kratzke Colony was founded on August 7, 1767 when the first group of German colonists arrived. The first 34 families came from the Palatinate , Prussia and Hanover . This colony was one of those founded by Baron de Boffe. It was named after Adam Kratzke, the leader of the original colonist group that settled there. The first statistical report on Kratzke was compiled by Count Orlow for Empress Katharina II on February 14, 1769. The report describes that 127 residents (67 men and boys and 60 women and girls) lived in Kratzke, a total of 34 families. These families had 47 horses, 13 work oxen, 69 cows and calves and 6 pigs. There were a total of 48 houses in the colony at that time. There was a school from the first days. In 1904 there were 200 students, the school fee was 5 kopecks per student, the teacher earned 450 rubles .
In August 1774 the colony was robbed by the notorious rebel leader Pugachev and his followers. On October 11, 1798, a report by the immigration office on the condition of the colony and its inhabitants was summarized. Almost all of the families were employed in agriculture, according to the report. But there was also a dyer and two shoemakers. A mill stood on the Karamysh River , which ran along the northern edge of the colony.
Population development
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buildings
From 1768 to 1927 there was a Lutheran church in Kratzke. The last church building was erected in 1899.
In 1904 a textile factory was built in Kratzke by the entrepreneur A. Meyer. The loom was driven by the water power of the Karamysh River. At first there were around 80 workers. In 1927 the factory was nationalized and named "Progress". In 1937 the newspaper “Stossbrigadler” (one of the Volga German newspapers; number 116 from October 9th) wrote: “The Kratzker textile factory progress in the Frank canton began with the mass production of new woven fabrics of the cotton half silk chatlanka. The new fabric is durable and beautiful. The factory produces up to 2.5 thousand meters a day. ”In August 1941, production came to a standstill when all German residents were deported to Siberia. Later, when several refugee families from Ukraine settled in the village, the factory made tarpaulin for a few years. The factory building was destroyed in the late 1990s.
literature
- VF Diesendorf: The Germans of Russia. Settlements and settlement areas. Lexicon. Moscow 2006.
- Brent Alan Mai (Ed.): A Description of the Saratov Colony of Pochinnaya [Kratzke] 1798. Lincoln, NE: American Historical Society of Germans from Russia, 1995.
- PS Pallas: Journey through different provinces of the Russian Empire. Part 3,2, journey from Siberia back to the Volga in the 1773th year. (St. Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, 1776): 622.
- Igor Pleve: Immigration to the Volga region 1764–1767. Volume 2 (Göttingen: Göttingen Working Group, 2001): 449–461.
Web links
- The Center for Volga German Studies at Concordia University Kratzke history (English)
- Welcome to Kratzke, Russia Welcome to the Village of Kratzke, Russia (English)
- HISTORY OF THE VOLGAE GERMANS - Кратцке - History of the Volga Germans (Russian)
Coordinates: 50 ° 53 ' N , 45 ° 13' E