Škoda Artic
| Transtech Artic Helsinki | |
|---|---|
_in_Helsinki.jpg) Artic tram in Helsinki
|
|
| Numbering: | 401–472 (HKL) 51–53 (SRS) |
| Number: | 73 |
| Manufacturer: |
Škoda Transtech Transtech (until 2015) |
| Year of construction (s): | 2013-2019 |
| Axis formula : | Bo '+ Bo'Bo' + Bo ' |
| Gauge : | 1000 mm ( meter gauge ) |
| Length: | 27 600 mm |
| Height: | 3 830 mm |
| Width: | 2 400 mm |
| Bogie axle base: | 1,700 mm |
| Smallest bef. Radius: | 15 m |
| Empty mass: | 41.60 t |
| Service mass: | 56.55 t |
| Wheel set mass : | 7.75 t |
| Top speed: | 80 km / h |
| Continuous output : | 8 × 65 kW |
| Wheel diameter: | 680 mm (new) |
| Power system : | 600 volts DC voltage |
| Power transmission: | Overhead line |
| Number of traction motors: | 8th |
| Brake: | Electric brake, electro-hydraulic spring-loaded brake , magnetic rail brake |
| Train control : | Dead man |
| Coupling type: | Albert coupling |
| Seats: | 88 (including 14 folding seats) |
| Standing room: | 125 (at 5 people / m²) |
| Low floor: | 100% |
_in_Helsinki_20170130.jpg)
Škoda Artic , also ARTIC and until 2015 Transtech Artic , is a type of tram . The low-floor articulated wagons were developed and built by Transtech in Finland . Since the takeover of Transtech by Škoda Transportation , they have been marketed under the product name Škoda ForCity Smart Artic .
Artic Helsinki
prehistory
The first low-floor vehicles procured the Helsinki tram from 1999. In Creates were 40 Vario tracks from manufacturer Bombardier . These vehicles posed major problems for operation, the availability was much lower than expected due to frequent technical failures and long visits to the workshop for necessary repairs, and the multi-joint construction with drives by wheel hub motors led to heavy wear, both on the wheel tires and on the track. All in all, the construction was not up to the tram network in Helsinki, which has many sharp curves, switches and inclines, and the climatic conditions in Finland. For this reason, re-ordering the Variobahn was out of the question. The search for alternatives took a lot of time, and during this transition period a large part of the existing high-floor vehicles was first brought up to a contemporary level of comfort by equipping them with low-floor middle parts.
development
For the acquisition of new low-floor trams, the problems of the existing vehicles were evaluated and the advantages and disadvantages of vehicles from other companies were also assessed. In 2007 a TMK 2200 train from the Croatian manufacturer Crotram was also used on a test basis in scheduled services in Helsinki. Ultimately, it was concluded that articulated railcars with freely moving bogies would be best suited to the difficult topography of the Finnish capital's tram network. A very detailed specification sheet was drawn up for the tender for the next generation of vehicles, which for example also contained requirements such as air conditioning and underfloor heating, the waiver of adhesive connections in the roof and window area, in order to take into account the weather and short repair times. Two prototypes of the new vehicles were initially to be delivered, which would be used in regular operation for two years. Only after this test phase and any necessary adjustments should the 38 series vehicles follow. On March 25, 2011, HKL announced the result of the tender. The car, worth 113 million euros, was to be built and delivered by the Finnish company Transtech . The two prototypes should be delivered from 2013, the series delivery should begin at the end of 2015. In addition to the order for 40 cars, an option for 90 additional vehicles was agreed. A first design study of the vehicles was exhibited in June 2012 at the HiDesign trade fair in Helsinki.
testing
The first vehicle, car 401, was completed in summer 2013. Since mid-August 2013, parallel to the ongoing driver training, the car has already been used on a daily basis on all lines in Helsinki in scheduled service. The second car with the number 402 was delivered in November 2013. The testing was accompanied by an extensive campaign in the media and social networks. The passengers were asked to give their opinion on the new railways. The cars received a lot of positive feedback from both the staff and the public. The spacious construction and the smooth running were particularly praised, especially in comparison to the Variobahn. A main point of criticism was the interior lighting that was initially too bright.
Series production
After completing the tests with the two cars, series production started at the end of 2015. Transtech had meanwhile been taken over by Škoda Transportation , so that all series vehicles are already being delivered as Škoda Artic . Compared to the prototypes, only minor adjustments were required for series production, the most noticeable being the change in the bogie panels. From car no. 411, the vehicles bear the Škoda logo on the front and rear. By the end of 2017, all forty vehicles from the initial order were in use.
In December 2016, the HKL announced the re-order of 20 vehicles. The vehicles from the first option order have an order value of 57.3 million euros. Construction and delivery seamlessly followed the forty vehicles of the first delivery. Among other things, they were procured to replace the HKL Variobahn.
The purchase of a further ten vehicles from the option was announced in June 2018; they were delivered between April and October 2019. The aim was to be prepared for increasing numbers of passengers and route extensions. The procurement of this vehicle type ended in November 2019 with the cars 471 and 472 procured as replacements for the two prototypes sold to Schöneiche.
technology
The Artic is designed as a one-way vehicle, with a full driver's cab and doors only on the right-hand side of the vehicle. For reversing, it has a simplified rear drive switch that can be folded out of the side wall in the rear. The car runs on four freely rotating bogies , a rather rare design for continuously low-floor trams. In order to obtain a low-floor passage in the bogies, drives and brake discs were attached to the outside of the axle bearings. All eight axes of the Artic are each driven by an independent 65 kilowatt motor, the drive forces are transmitted via angular gears from the manufacturer Voith. The maximum possible speed of up to 80 km / h cannot currently be extended in the Helsinki network.
The floor height in the entrances is 360 mm above the top edge of the rails, the height of the car floor in the area above the bogies increases to a maximum of 520 mm through slight ramps. The interior offers 74 permanent seats and 14 folding seats. The seats and headrests are covered with red synthetic leather, the backrests are upholstered with gray fabric in which the stylized line network of the Helsinki tram is woven in red. The interior offers space for four wheelchairs, and a manually foldable and swiveling ramp is built into the side of the first double door to bridge any differences in height to the platforms. A closed driver's cab is built in for the driver; there is space in it behind the driver to the left for an accompanying person or a driving instructor.
With the exception of the headlights, all lighting and displays in and on the vehicle are made using LED technology. Instead of exterior mirrors, numerous cameras were installed that provide the driver with images of the long sides of the train, from the front and the rear. Monitors are installed on the A-pillars in the driver's cab, to which images of all entrances are transmitted at the stops. Blocked doors or passengers with reduced mobility are easily recognizable for the driver.
The car body was completely welded from low-corrosion steel, and there were no adhesive joints that could easily leak due to temperature influences. The difficult climatic conditions in the north are also taken into account by the structure of the entry areas. It prevents the accumulation of snow and ice. The accumulation of moisture and condensation in the vehicle superstructures has been eliminated through careful thermal insulation , water barriers and moisture drainage.
Test deployment in Würzburg
In order to present this type of tram outside of Finland as well, car 402 was exhibited in autumn 2014 at the Innotrans trade fair in Berlin. For this purpose, the green-yellow color was pasted over with white and brushed gold foils. Following this exhibition, extensive test drives were carried out with this car on the Würzburg tram network in October 2014 . The steep stretch in the Heuchelhof district was also used for demonstration drives without passengers . However, since the car did not have the required automatic speed monitoring, it was only used on the flatter lines 1 and 4 in scheduled service.
Artic Helsinki on the Schöneiche-Rüdersdorf tram
The two prototypes 401 and 402 should be used on tram line 88 of the Schöneicher-Rüdersdorfer tram (SRS) from summer 2018 . After initial delays, car 402 was delivered to Schöneiche on August 21, 2018 and initially leased to SRS until the end of December 2018 for testing and determining the need for adjustments. At the end of October, SRS acquired the two vehicles ahead of schedule after the tests had been successful. Car 401 arrived in Schöneiche at the end of March 2019. A third brand new vehicle was ordered in 2019 and put into operation in March 2020. In Schöneiche, the cars have road numbers 51 (ex. Helsinki 401), 52 (ex. Helsinki 402) and 53 (new building).
Raide-Jokeri Artic
On September 28, 2016 it was announced that thirty Artic vehicles were to be purchased for a new interurban tram line from the eastern city center of Helsinki (Itäkeskus) to the Keilaniemi industrial park in the neighboring city of Espoo . In contrast to the city vehicles, they should be designed as bidirectional vehicles and, at around 35 meters, also be significantly longer than these. A color scheme in orange was initially discussed in order to stand out from the urban trams; the design study of the new vehicle was painted in turquoise / white. The route and vehicles are scheduled to go into operation in 2021. The order for 29 railways with an order value of 95.2 million euros was signed on December 21, 2016. The new type of vehicle has been referred to in previous publications as Raide-Jokeri Artic , an acronym for Joukkoliikenne kehä ri , roughly translated, for example, light rail in the area (Helsinki). A first prototype should be delivered in summer 2019.
Artic Tampere
For a new light rail network to be built in the Finnish city of Tampere , it was also decided to purchase Artic vehicles. The new network is to be built with a track width of 1435 mm ( standard gauge ) and will also go into operation by around 2021. Initially, fifteen to twenty two-way wagons 37 meters in length are to be procured; an option for up to 46 additional railways is planned.
ForCity Smart for Germany
In June 2018, Rhein-Neckar-Verkehr ordered 80 ForCity Smart trams in three lengths. The first trains are to be delivered in 2021. RNV-internal these trams are called Rhein-Neckar-Tram 2020 .
Web links
- New trams for Helsinki on hel.fi (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ HKL press release: HKL and Transtech conclude sales contract for trams ( memento of the original dated August 7, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Finnish)
- ↑ Low-floor tram on the Transtech website (English)
- ↑ Photo of the design study on finland.fi ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Helsinki City Transport: Inauguration of the new tram for Helsinki ( English ) May 13, 2013. Archived from the original on September 12, 2013. Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved September 14, 2013.
- ↑ Transtech Artic data sheet ( Memento of the original from October 7, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Finnish / English)
- ↑ 20 new Artic trams for Helsinki. City of Helsinki, December 8, 2016, accessed January 4, 2017 (Finnish).
- ↑ HKL will purchase 10 new Artic trams. City of Helsinki, June 14, 2018, accessed June 16, 2018 (Finnish).
- ↑ Transtech Oy : Suitable for demanding conditions ( English ) September 14, 2013. Accessed October 25, 2014.
- ↑ Function of the folding ramp on youtube.com
- ↑ Transtech Oy : Cost efficiency ( English ) September 13, 2013. Accessed October 25, 2014.
- ^ Fritz R. Viertel: New trams and construction sites on line 88. In: schoeneiche-online.de. February 27, 2018, accessed March 30, 2018 .
- ↑ Artic tram leased to Germany. City of Helsinki, August 20, 2018, accessed August 22, 2018 (Finnish).
- ↑ newstix.de: Minister Schneider handed over the first Artic-Tram to the passengers of line 88 , October 24, 2018 , accessed on October 26, 2018
- ↑ Märkische Oderzeitung: Second train arrived from Helsinki , March 28, 2019 , accessed on April 2, 2019
- ↑ SRS press release: First new vehicle in 90 years , March 25, 2020 , accessed on April 6, 2020
- ↑ Helsinki's overland tram turns orange. Yle website , September 28, 2016, accessed October 18, 2016 (Finnish).
- ↑ HKL will acquire 20 new Artic and 29 two-way trams from Transtech. HKL website, December 21, 2016, accessed January 4, 2017 (Finnish).
- ↑ Škoda Transportation : Škoda Transportation Group celebrates success in Finland . October 4, 2016. Archived from the original on October 18, 2016. Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 18, 2016.
- ↑ Helsingin Sanomat : Comparison between the Helsinki and Tampere trams ( Finnish ) October 8, 2016. Accessed October 18, 2016.
- ↑ https://www.rnt2020.de/
