Yemeljan Ivanovich Pugachev

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Emelyan Ivanovich Pugachev (18th century)
Pugachev's Judgment
( Vasily Perow , 1879)

Yemelyan Pugachev ( Russian Емельян Иванович Пугачёв , scientific. Transliteration Emel'jan Ivanovič Pugačëv * about 1742 in Simowejskaja on Don † 10; jul. / 21st January  1775 greg. In Moscow ) was a Don Cossack and the leader of the peasant uprising named after him from 1773 to 1775 . He took as a soldier of the Tsar's army at the Seven Years' War (1756-1763) and the Russo-Turkish War 1768-1774 part.

Pugachev claimed in August 1773 that he was the late Tsar Peter Fjodorowitsch ( Peter III ) and had miraculously survived the attempted murder of his unfaithful wife ( Catherine II of German descent ).

On September 17th of the same year a manifesto was published under his name , which declared the beginning of the peasant uprising. The core of the uprising were old-believing Cossacks , but it was joined by Bashkir troops under Salavat Yulayev and other peoples of the Volga region . There were also workers from the Urals and, in the last phase, many farmers .

The insurgents occupied large areas between the Urals and Volga and were eventually stopped in Kazan . Pugachev was captured by Suvorov , questioned by Privy Councilor Scheschkowski, feared for the harshness of his interrogation methods, and brought to Moscow. On 10 jul. / January 21, 1775 greg. he was executed there .

Pugachev was given a literary monument by Alexander Pushkin in the historical novella " The Captain's Daughter ". In this work, Pushkin links the fates of Pugachev and the noble officer Grinjov.

Pushkin also dealt with this period of the Pugachev uprisings in his Istorija Pugačevskago bunta (1834), which appeared in German in 1840 under the title History of the Pugachev revolt , and analyzes the rebellion against the background of economic, social and political repression.

In 1918 the Russian city of Nikolayevsk in the Saratov region was renamed Pugachev after him . A Pugachev oak stands in the Mari Chodra National Park in the Russian Republic of Mari El.

literature

  • FSGWDB: Life and adventures of the notorious rebel Yemeljam Pugachev, who was in the south of Russia for Peter III. issued . [Heinsius], London [i. e. Leipzig] 1776 digitized MDZ
  • [Anonymous]: Life and adventures of the notorious rebel Yemeljan Pugachev . (Review). In: General German Library . 1777, Vol. 31, 2nd St., pp. 547-553 Digitalisat BIAD
  • MF von Freymann: Expedition against the (then) Jaikian Cossacks, as well as afterwards against the rebel Pugachev . In: New Nordic Miscellanea . 1794, 7.8.St., pp. 355-410 digitized BIAD
  • Gottlieb Bertrand: Pugachev the terrible rebel . 2 volumes. Heinrich Georg Albrecht, Wolfenbüttel 1807 digitized volume 1
  • History of the Pugachev riot . From the Russian by Alexander Pushkin by H. Brandeis. Cast, Stuttgart 1840 digitized MDZ
  • Karl Gutzkow : Pugachev. Tragedy in 5 acts . 4, ed., Hermann Costenoble, Jena 1873

Web links

Commons : Yemelyan Pugachev  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Pugachev, Emelyan Ivanovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Emeljan Ivanovič Pugačëv; Пугачёв, Емельян Иванович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian Don Cossack and the leader of the peasant uprising (1773–1775)
DATE OF BIRTH around 1742
PLACE OF BIRTH Simovejskaya , Don
DATE OF DEATH January 21, 1775
Place of death Moscow