Political journalism

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

As policy journalism to inform the population will be political events such as elections , election campaigns , decisions of the Government and the Parliament as well as statements by politicians called. The processes within the medium follow those of an editorial office . The sources are the press agencies , politicians (especially the chairmen of the parties ), their press spokesmen , ministers of the federal and state governments, state secretaries , top officials , press conferences , background discussions , the administration , companies , associations and communication agencies .

history

The first daily news appeared as early as 59 BC. In the Acta diurna published by Gaius Iulius Caesar . Around the same time, the first regular weekly newspaper Commentarius Rerum Novarum was founded. In the Middle Ages , however, news was hardly widespread, as a large part of the population could not read and had a low level of education. Information was passed on orally or through leaflets . This changed with the invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century. In 1631, La Gazette, the first modern newspaper in France, appeared . Neutral reporting, which replaced the previously common court reporting, did not exist until the New York Herald 1835. In the 1950s, political journalism was further developed into interpretive journalism and supplemented with background information and a classification of the events. The development is currently being shaped by the Internet . Online media and political blogs are gaining in importance. A trend towards the tabloidization of topics can also be seen.

Working method

The way of working in political journalism is characterized by a special closeness of journalists to politicians, so that a professional distance is required. The work of a political journalist can often be planned and, in German federal politics, for example, is characterized by regular appointments such as the federal press conference or the session weeks of the Bundestag , the Bundesrat and the European Union . In this case, the schedule overviews are published regularly by the Federal Press Office . In political journalism, direct or indirect barter deals are agreed more often than in other genres. The passing on of an exclusive information not intended for publication takes place z. B. against an interview or positive reporting in the respective medium. From the perspective of the politician, taking with you on international trips or information from confidential meetings are important items of exchange. Some magazines use the punishment in the form of negative reporting as a barter. The priority of messages is determined by the message value .

research

The main research questions are the importance of PR for political journalism and the effect of political reporting on disenchantment with politics in the population. Political groups publish press releases, print-ready interviews or broadcast-ready quotes as PR measures. Numerous studies are investigating the extent to which these funds have an impact on journalism, which is itself under great time pressure, is characterized by great competition and has too few staff available. The representatives of the determination hypothesis show in their studies that the influence is to be assessed as high. These include Barbara Baerns, Michael Haller and René Grossenbacher. Henrike Barth and Wolfgang Donsbach argue that journalists research contradictions with much greater commitment than is normally the case. Günter Bentele developed an intereffaction model, according to which the influence of PR is greatest when it is based on the way journalists work. With regard to the effect of journalism on disenchantment with politics, there is the thesis of the mobilization of people, which assumes a positive effect on citizens, and the thesis called media malaise, which sees reporting as a cause of disenchantment with politics.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Political Journalism: History - accessed May 2, 2020
  2. ↑ Susanne Fengler, Bettina Vestring: Political Journalism 1st Edition. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2009, p. 135
  3. ↑ Susanne Fengler, Bettina Vestring: Political Journalism 1st Edition. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2009, pp. 18–22
  4. ↑ Barbara Baerns: Public Relations or Journalism? 1st edition. Verlag Wissenschaft und Politik, 1985
  5. ↑ Michael Haller, Ingrid Lorbach: Dangerous results about amalgamation of PR and regional press. A study. In: Message. No. 3, 2006
  6. ^ René Grossenbacher: Political public relations work in regional media. 1st edition. Publicom AG, 2008
  7. ↑ Henrike Barth, Wolfgang Donsbach: Activity and passivity of journalists towards public relations. In: Journalism. No. 37, 1992, pp. 151-165
  8. ^ Günter Bentele, Tobias Liebert, Stefan Seeling: From Determination to Intereffication. 1st edition. UVK, pp. 225-250
  9. ↑ Martin Emmer: Political Mobilization through the Internet? A communication science investigation into the effect of a new medium. 1st edition. Verlag Reinhard Fischer, 2005, p. 38ff
  10. ↑ Marcus Maurer, Carsten Reinemann: Schröder against Stoiber. Use, perception and effect of the TV duels. 1st edition. Westdeutscher Verlag, 2003, p. 65ff
  11. ↑ Susanne Fengler, Bettina Vestring: Political Journalism 1st Edition. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2009, pp. 55–56
  12. ↑ Susanne Fengler, Bettina Vestring: Political Journalism 1st Edition. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2009, pp. 82–83