Practice Squad

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Practice Squad (PS, formerly Developmental Squad , also called Taxi Squad ; in the Canadian Football League (CFL) Practice Roster ) is part of an American football team in the National Football League (NFL) or in the Canadian Football League the part of the Canadian football teams, the while participating in all training sessions, but not comprehensive for 53 players (NFL) and 46 players (CFL) players eligible main squad belongs. The practice squad of a team comprises a maximum of twelve players, ten in the CFL, sometimes fifteen. They usually earn less than players in the main squad. You can switch to the main squad of another team at any time, but not to the practice squad of another team. The general conditions are set out in the NFL Collective Bargaining Agreement or the CFL Collective Bargaining Agreement .

Practice squads are also known in ice hockey . The American Collegiate Hockey Association (ACHA) and the National Women's Hockey League (NWHL) have practice squads that consist of six players per team.

purpose

Practice squads are used to develop players with potential. They also serve to quickly replace injury-related absences, as these players already know the processes and moves. In addition, unsafe candidates are observed over a longer period of time and checked for their suitability. Practice squad players are also used to simulate the opposing team in training.

Gridiron Football

NFL

history

In 1946, the All-America Football Conference (AAFC) limited the squad to 33 players. The head coach of the Cleveland Browns , Paul Brown , however, was afraid of having to thereby dismiss good talent, and convinced the owner of the Browns, Arthur B. McBride , additional players in the salary account of his taxi company Zone / Yellow Cab company of Cleveland to put . These players never worked for the taxi company, but they did promote it. In the following years, other football teams began to establish the taxi squad called team parts, which is why the NFL introduced Practice Squads. In 1989 they were introduced under the name Developmental Squad , which was limited to six players. The following year the Developmental Squad was renamed Practice Squad and the number of players was limited to five. The Practice Squads were abolished in July 1991, but reintroduced a month later. The maximum was five, the minimum three players. From 1992 there was no longer a minimum.

In 2004, the team owners decided to expand to eight players. At the same time, the NFL used the practice squads of four teams for the International Development Practice Squad Program for the first time . As part of this program, she gave non- American players a place in the practice squad of an NFL team, which they held for the entire season. In 2005 the program was expanded to eight teams, three years later to sixteen. In 2014 the Practice Squads were expanded to ten players and the International Development Practice Squad Program suspended. In 2017 it was reinstated under the new name International Player Pathway Program . In March 2020, with the adoption of a new CBA, it was decided to expand the Practice Squad to twelve players in the 2020 and 2021 seasons and 14 from the 2022 season.

Stakes and changes

Players in the Practice Squad can not be used in the regular season games, but have the option of being "activated" during the season, for example if a player in the main squad is injured, or if they move up to a free place in the main squad if they perform well. A player in the practice squad can switch to the main squad of another team at any time - with the exception of the next opponent. This must sign a player against each other at least six days (ten days if they previously had a bye week ) before the game. This rule is intended to prevent a player from being obliged to obtain information about the opponent's playbook. In order to switch to another team's practice squad, a player must first be released from his team. The players in the International Development Practice Squad program could not be fired during the season, nor could they be promoted to the main squad. Before a player can be signed up for the practice squad, he must have gone through the waiver procedure. For this reason, the Practice Squad will be put together for the first time one day after the squad has been reduced to 53 players shortly before the start of the season. This also applies if a player from the practice squad has been appointed to the main squad of his own team. To get back to the Practice Squad, he must first be released and have to go through the waiver procedure again. Since June 2010, a player from the Practice Squad can also be called up for a game in the main squad at short notice if there is a suspected or confirmed contagious disease among the players. The player remains under his practice squad contract and does not have to be dismissed afterwards, but automatically returns to the practice squad after a game.

If a Practice Squad player injures himself, he can be placed on the Practice Squad / Injured Reserve . It behaves technically like the Injured Reserve List and therefore frees up a place in the Practice Squad.

For the 2020 season, the new CBA also made it possible to promote two Practice Squad players per week to the main squad, which increases to 55 people. Each of these Practice Squad players may return to the Practice Squad a maximum of two times without first having to go through the waiver procedure.

Eligible players

Only players who have played in the NFL for less than one season are available for the Practice Squad. A season is considered to have been played if the player was in the 46-man roster nine or more times (before 2011, 45-man roster) for a game day. The maximum length of stay in the Practice Squad was two seasons, but can also be extended to three seasons if there was no vacancy in the 53-man squad at any time during the two seasons. A season was counted in the Practice Squad after just six weeks, until 2013 after three weeks. In 2014 and 2015, up to two places in the Practice Squad could also be awarded to players who already have up to two Accrued Seasons (AS, German accumulated season). An accrued season is credited after six weeks with full payment (53-man squad, injured reserve list and physically unable to perform ). In 2016, the number of players was increased to four. This exception allowed, for example, the Miami Dolphins to hire LaMichael James for their practice squad. The maximum duration of two years in the Practice Squad was abolished for the 2020 season. An exception was the 1991 season, when only rookies were available for the Practice Squad.

salary

In 1989 the salaries for Practice Squad members were set at $ 1,000. After the NFL was sued for illegal price fixing, it switched to a minimum salary of $ 3,000 in 1990. The trial ended in 1992 with a $ 30 million fine. Practice Squad members are paid weekly and were at least $ 6,900 per week in the 2016 season, which would be $ 117,300 for the 17 week season. If a player's team reaches the play-offs , payment will be made every week in which the team remains in the play-offs. The minimum wage is well below the salary of active players who received a 2016 salary of at least $ 450,000. There is no upper limit. Isaiah Battle received a salary of $ 25,588 per week from the St. Louis Rams in the 2015 season . A special feature was the 1991 season, in which the minimum expenditure for the Practice Squad was $ 280,000 and the maximum expenditure was $ 375,000. A player appointed from the Practice Squad to the 53-man squad receives at least three weekly salaries, even if he remains there for less than three weeks. Since a player called from the Practice Squad to the main squad automatically signs a contract for the minimum salary, he always earns at least 79,412 dollars ( ). This does not apply to players who were appointed to the main squad due to the exception rule for contagious diseases, they only receive 1/17 of the minimum salary. However, if one of these players injures himself so seriously during the game or in the previous training that he cannot meet the requirements for Practice Squad players, he must be placed on the Injured Reserve List with ongoing payment until he receives it again can meet. The salaries of the players in the Practice Squad count against the salary cap .

Salary development for practice squad players

CFL

The Canadian Football League introduced Practice Roster in 1987 with an initial size of seven players. In 2012, the league wanted to increase the size to ten players, but the proposal was rejected by the players' union. A year later the proposal was approved. Players on the practice roster may switch to the main squad of another team at any time. In order to be included in the practice roster of another team, a player must have been released beforehand. In the CFL, all players are entitled to be included in the practice roster at any time. At least one place must be allocated to a local player. From seven players, two places must be allocated to local players. 30 days after the NFL teams reduced their roster to 53 players, the CFL teams are allowed to assign five extra practice roster spots. Since 2015, the teams have been able to freely choose the beginning of the 30-day period in which they can increase their practice roster by five places. Practice roster members are paid weekly. The CFL had a minimum wage of $ 500 a week until 2013. As of 2014, the minimum wage is $ 750 a week. The minimum wage is well below the salary of active players who receive a salary of at least $ 2,888.89 per game. Players are also provided with living space. The salary counts with the exception of the five additional players against the Salary Management System .

Further

In the Women's Professional Football League there was a ten-player practice squad and in the National Women's Football League there was a 22-woman practice squad.

ice Hockey

NWHL

Since the NWHL is the only women's professional league, unlike the National Hockey League, it does not have any sub-leagues, so it cannot rely on farm teams . In order to promote young players nonetheless, she introduced Practice Squads when she was founded in 2015, which consists of four players per team. There have been six places since 2016. If a player fails, a practice squad player can be used. The same rules apply to the practice squad as to all other players. You must have attended college for at least four years and played ice hockey . Practice Squad members do not receive a base salary in the NWHL, but are only paid for the games in which they play. The salaries of the players in the Practice Squad do not count towards the salary cap .

ACHA

The American Collegiate Hockey Association has a six-player practice squad. The players in the Practice Squad can switch to and from the Game Squad as often as they like.

Individual evidence

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This version was added to the list of articles worth reading on January 5, 2017 .