Presa Solís
| Reservoir at the Solís dam | |||||||
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| Coordinates | 20 ° 3 '4 " N , 100 ° 40' 6" W | ||||||
| Data on the structure | |||||||
| Construction time: | 1939-1949 | ||||||
| Height of the barrier structure : | 56.7 m | ||||||
| Data on the reservoir | |||||||
| Altitude (at congestion destination ) | 1892.54 m above sea level d. M. | ||||||
| Storage space | 800 million m³ | ||||||
| Total storage space : | 1214 million m³ | ||||||
The Presa Solís (German: Solís dam ) is a dam in the south of the Mexican state Guanajuato in the river bed of the Río Lerma . The water from the reservoir is used to irrigate the agricultural areas in the Municipio Acámbaro . In 1949 the dam was inaugurated by the then President Miguel Alemán Valdés .
About six kilometers east of the Presa Solís is the city of Acámbaro on the Río Lerma .
history
The then Comisión Nacional de Irrigación ("National Irrigation Commission"), founded in 1926, began the search for a suitable location for a reservoir in the Lerma-Chapala basin , as the safeguarding of agricultural productivity required appropriate hydraulic engineering measures. There are two production cycles for farmers there: the autumn-winter phase, in which wheat , oats and barley are grown, and the spring-summer phase, in which sorghum and maize predominate. On the one hand, needs-based irrigation of the agricultural land was to be ensured, on the other hand, the destructive flooding caused by flooding of the Río Lerma should be prevented. In the mid-thirties the planning became concrete: The reservoir area was to be created in the natural depression at the entrance of the Río Lerma into the state of Guanajuato and cover an area of 7,722 hectares . At that time the area was home to the settlements of Chupícuaro, La Encarnación, Santa Inés, San José de Porto, Puriancícuaro, Buenavista, El Tornero, San Miguel, El Aguaje, El Tejocote, Munguia, San Vicente, La Mora, La Estanzuela, Puruaguita, Agua Blanca and Paso de Ovejas.
The construction of the Solís dam began in 1939 under the government of Lázaro Cárdenas del Río and lasted through the reign of Manuel Ávila Camacho to that of Miguel Alemán Valdés. On May 15, 1949, the inauguration took place by Miguel Alemán Valdés. The residents affected by the flooding were resettled, the historic pre-Hispanic settlement Chupícuaro was re-established a few kilometers east of the city of Acámbaro as (Nuevo) Chupícuaro .
Archaeological sites of the Chupícuaro culture lie at the bottom of the reservoir .
In 1958, heavy rains caused heavy flooding in several areas of the Municipio Acámbaro when the Río Lerma overflowed its banks. Regulation by the Solís Dam was hampered by an accumulation of water hyacinths . The city of Acámbaro was also severely affected, which is why a protective wall was built on the river in Acámbaro to protect the urban population. The disaster of 1958, but also other floods, which were particularly severe in 1971 and 1973, prompted the Secretaría de Agricultura y Recursos Hidraúlicos to increase the capacity of the reservoir by increasing the dam. In 1980 the expanded capacity was inaugurated.
At the end of 2018, the company "Hidroeléctrica Solís" informed the press about the planned construction of a hydropower plant . All necessary permits have already been granted.
Technical specifications
The capacity of the reservoir at the Solís Dam at the time of its inauguration on May 15, 1949 was 728 million cubic meters of water - a considerable volume for hydraulic engineering in Mexico at the time - with a structure height of 52 m.
With an addition of a good 400 million cubic meters to the 800 million cubic meters estimated for agriculture, which should ensure the irrigation of around 120,000 hectares of agricultural land downstream, the capacity was expanded to 1,214 and 1,217 million cubic meters in the 1970s and inaugurated in 1980. In the 70 years of its existence, the dam has lost around 130 million cubic meters of capacity and, as of 2019, has a capacity of 1,071 million cubic meters.
literature
- Brigitte Boehm Schoendube: Agua, tecnología y sociedad en la cuenca Lerma-Chapala. Una historia regional global . Nueva antropol vol.19 no.64 México ene./abr. 2005 ( online ).
(German: "Water, technology and society in the Lerma-Chapala basin. A global regional history.")
Web links
- Enciclopedia de los Municipios y Delegaciones de México: Acámbaro (Spanish)
- Video with aerial photos of the Presa Solís (2016) on Youtube
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Comisión Nacional del Agua (Congua): Sistema Nacional de Información del Agua , Solís, Características de la presa; accessed on January 16, 2020.
- ^ Construcción de la Presa Solís ( Memento of November 7, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Véronique Darras, Brigitte Faugère: La cerámica de la cultura de Chupícuaro , Arqueología Mexicana núm. 92 (2008), pp. 64-69.
- ↑ Fenómeno Hidrometeorológico ACÁMBARO ( PDF ), Secretaría de Seguridad Pública, accessed January 16, 2020.
- ↑ Eugenio Amézquita, Karina López (El Sol del Bajío): Presa Solís contará con planta hidroeléctrica , Inforural, December 13, 2018.
- ↑ a b Gobierno Federal: Estadísticas del Agua en México Edición 2008 ( PDF ), p. 70.
- ↑ a b Karina López: La Presa Solís por siete décadas ha beneficiado al campo , El Sol del Bajío, September 9, 2019.
- Jump up ↑ Estudio Hidrológico del Estado de Guanajuato , Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI), 1998 ( PDF )