Primaresburg
| Primaresburg | ||
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 The remains of the brick cistern and well of the castle in July 2015 |
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| Creation time : | early 11th century | |
| Castle type : | Hilltop castle | |
| Conservation status: | ruin | |
| Place: | Maria Lankowitz | |
| Geographical location | 47 ° 3 '59 " N , 15 ° 3' 21" E | |
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The ruins of the Primaresburg are in the northwest of the market town of Maria Lankowitz in Styria . The history of the castle goes back to the beginning of the 11th century. The complex is one of the oldest documented castles in Styria. For a long time, the exact location of the defense structure was disputed, but today the Franziskanerkogel is generally regarded as a location.
Location
The castle ruins are located on the summit of the Franziskanerkogel north-west of Maria Lankowitz , at the foot of which two busy roads passed in the Middle Ages. The summit was transformed into a rectangular plateau by human hands and drops steeply to the north, west and south. The west of the plateau and with it the weir system was protected by rocks. In the east of the summit plateau are two terraces with an approximately triangular floor plan. These terraces are separated from the summit plateau by a mighty trench. From the summit you have a good view of the Greißenegg , Hohenburg , Krems and Obervoitsberg weir systems .
history
The summit of the Franziskanerkogel was already used with interruptions for defense purposes during the copper and urn field times. A settlement by the Romans is also documented. The Primaresburg was first mentioned in a document in 1066 as "primarespurch" and thus represents one of the earliest defensive structures mentioned in Styria. It was located within the land owned by Emperor Otto III. donated to Margrave Adalbero von Eppenstein in the year 1000 , and was probably built shortly afterwards. At that time the castle may have consisted of a fortified courtyard surrounded by earth walls and palisades . The Carinthian Duke Heinrich III. donated the fortifications to St. Lambrecht Abbey in 1103 . In 1180 a Stachard de Primarespurch is named as a servant of the Lords of Graz. In the 12th century, the St. Lambrecht monastery enfeoffed Albert and his son Lantfried von Eppenstein with the Primaresburg. After Lantfried's death in 1190, the fiefdom went to the lords of Wildon , who were related to him and who owned it until 1268. In that year the castle was confiscated by King Ottokar II. Přemysl due to a conspiracy of the Styrian nobility and possibly also destroyed, as archaeological findings suggest a military conflict in the 13th century. In the following time the complex was administered by a burgrave. When the Bohemians were driven out in 1276, the castle came back into the possession of the Lords of Wildon, who probably had it rebuilt or expanded.
After 1300 the Primaresburg came to the Stadecker as a pledge . It is known from around 1400 that the castle walls were already in ruins. After the Stadecker family died out, the castle stables went to the Counts of Montfort as a fief of the St. Lambrecht Monastery . In 1415, the knightly family Gradner received permission from Duke Ernst to build a property near the village of Lankowitz . Ernst von Graden began after 1420 with a large-scale expansion of the castle, which was then discontinued in favor of the new construction of today 's Lankowitz Castle . After the construction of Lankowitz Castle, the Primaresburg fell more and more into oblivion, so that its exact location was disputed for a long time. Only Herwig Ebner founded in 1955 historically conclusively that it has what was further confirmed by archaeological excavations in the period from 1982 to 1986 acting at the castle site at the Franciscan Kogel to the documentary took Primaresburg. The Hanskogel in the village of Kirchberg has long been viewed as another possible location .
description
Only sparse remains of the weir system have survived to this day. The core of the castle complex was located on the rectangular summit plateau , which was protected in the east by a mighty trench with a wall behind it that is still recognizable today. The southern part of the castle was also protected by a moat and a wall. The entire plateau was surrounded by a wall, the broken remains of which are still partially visible today. The castle gate was probably located in the northeast of the complex. On the south side of the plateau, excavations uncovered the foundations of a three-part building, the masonry of which in the western area can be assigned to the 12th or 13th century. But it is also assumed that it is a holdover from the Roman settlement of the Franziskanerkogel. The masonry shows a small, layered ashlar masonry with quarry stone alignments . The eastern part of the building again has rubble stone masonry that is hardly in stock and probably dates from the 15th century. In the northeast of the building there is a mighty cone of rubble, which possibly shows the location of the former keep .
In the center of the complex, a stone structure with a diameter of around 4 meters, which surrounds a hole around 90 centimeters deep, was uncovered in the 1980s. These are the remains of the brick cistern that was surrounded by a well . The remains of the wall are made up of small, irregular, ashlar masonry and cannot be dated with certainty, but they probably date from around 1400. The upper end of the cistern has recently been leveled.
The outworks of the castle in the south, south-west and east were badly damaged by the recent construction of a goods route running under the core work. A gate to the southwest of the plateau was also completely destroyed. The Vorwerk upstream to the east of the main installation was on a tongue that tapered towards the east and had a wall at the edge of the tongue up to the northern slope. In the south-east of the complex you can still see faint remains of the wall made of stock-like and irregular quarry stone masonry, which probably dates from the 15th century. To the east and a little deeper was another triangular outwork, also oriented to the east. On its eastern side a heavily sanded wall is still visible. The earthworks in the area of the weir system should go back to the copper and urn field times.
literature
- Werner Murgg: Castle ruins in Styria . Ed .: Federal Monuments Office (= B . Band 2 ). Ferdinand Berger & Sons, 2009, ISSN 1993-1263 , p. 152-153 .
Web links
- Entry via Primaresburg on Burgen-Austria
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d entry about Primaresburg on Burgen-Austria
- ↑ a b c d Werner Murgg: Castle ruins of Styria . Ed .: Federal Monuments Office (= B . Band 2 ). Ferdinand Berger & Sons, 2009, ISSN 1993-1263 , p. 152 .
- ↑ a b c d Werner Murgg: Castle ruins of Styria . Ed .: Federal Monuments Office (= B . Band 2 ). Ferdinand Berger & Sons, 2009, ISSN 1993-1263 , p. 153 .
- ↑ a b Werner Murgg: Castle ruins of Styria . Ed .: Federal Monuments Office (= B . Band 2 ). Ferdinand Berger & Sons, 2009, ISSN 1993-1263 , p. 152-153 .