Krems Castle
| Krems Castle | ||
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 The castle ruins in September 2013 |
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| Creation time : | 11th or mid-12th century | |
| Castle type : | Hilltop castle | |
| Conservation status: | ruin | |
| Construction: | Quarry stone masonry, partly interspersed with bricks | |
| Place: | Voitsberg | |
| Geographical location | 47 ° 1 '51 " N , 15 ° 10' 55" E | |
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The Krems castle ruins are located east of the municipality of Voitsberg in Styria in the Krems district . The history of the castle goes back to the 11th or 12th century when the Archbishop of Salzburg had it built. It was first mentioned in a document in 1248. Krems was owned several times by larger aristocratic families, who mostly commissioned caretakers or administrators with the administration of the rule. In the 14th century Krems held the lower jurisdiction and in the 16th century the castle was expanded into a renaissance castle with a zoo . In the 17th century, Count Karl Saurau acquired the property and merged it with his lordship, Ligist . After moving the administration to Ligist Castle in 1730 , he neglected Krems and left it to decay. In 1817 part of the castle slipped after a rain shower. Archduke Johann bought it in 1857 .
On March 20, 1936, the ruins were placed under monument protection and the complex was secured and made accessible. A castle association carried out renovation work in the 1960s . Krems Castle has been owned by the Licht im Leben association since 1988. Since 1993 it has been restored by the newly founded castle association . Among other things, a way was built around the ruins and the keep made accessible again. A small museum room opened in May 2015 shows the history of Krems Castle.
The castle complex is the ruin of a hilltop castle on a protruding mountain ridge. The five-story keep, built on a rock, is a striking feature of the castle and can be seen from afar. In the south of the complex there is a residential tower with two adjoining residential buildings. A circular wall runs around the entire area, some of which is provided with loopholes . The north of the main castle upstream Vorburg applies the youngest part of the plant. It has two small corner towers, one of which has been preserved in full.
Surname
The name Krems does not come from Slavonic like other place names from the surrounding area , but is likely to be of older origin. According to the local historian Walter Kienreich, the name could be derived from the Indo-European (s) krem , the Illyrian Kremisia or the Celtic Chremisa . All of these words mean something like sharp , cut , sharp stone or rock cliff . This could refer to the ridge on which the castle lies and which forces the Kainach into a narrow valley.
Location
The castle ruins stand on a high settlement area, a ridge that protrudes towards the Kainach south of Thallein . The ridge slopes steeply to the east, south and west and has been separated from the hinterland by a deep incision since the Kainachtalstrasse was expanded. The steep slopes were partly artificially sloped and the area surrounding the ruins was in parts prepared for defense by means of artificial interventions. However, these artificial interventions in the area have been partially destroyed by a recently created circular route. In the north, a section ditch separates the castle area from the hinterland. This moat is spanned by a modern bridge that has been preserved in remains.
history
Perhaps as early as the 11th, or at the latest in the middle of the 12th century, a simple defense structure , presumably made of wood, should have been built on behalf of the Archbishop of Salzburg on the site of today's castle . A knight family von Krems is mentioned for the first time around 1150 . Presumably at the beginning of the 13th century, the wooden structure was replaced by one made of stone, which Otto von Krems-Leonrode, who also owned Alt-Leonroth Castle , also expanded at the beginning of the 13th century. After Otto's death in 1234, the castle came to Hartnit von Rabenstein through his widow, who had it administered by his servants , who named themselves after the castle. The castle was first mentioned by name as castrum Chremse in 1248 , as it served as the seat of a meeting of the nobility, at which Ulrich von Wildon brokered a comparison between the Admont monastery and Hartnid, taverns von Rannstein. At that time, the front part around the keep was considered a fiefdom of the Archbishop of Salzburg, while the rear or southern part of the castle was a free property of the lord of the castle. Since the Rabensteiners took part in the Styrian aristocratic uprising, the Landsberger Bund , against Duke Albrecht , they lost all their goods, and around 1300 Krems came to the Lords of Walsee , who appointed burgraves. In 1363 Eberhard V. von Walsee sold the castle to Leutold von Stadeck . After the Stadecker family died out, Count Haug and Ulrich von Montfort came into possession of the complex through marriage around 1400 . They also commissioned keepers to manage the castle. Since the indebted Count of Montfort had to sell goods, the castle and the lordship came into the possession of Baron Sigmund Friedrich von Herberstein in 1589 .
In the 14th century, the Obergraden office and the Gößnitz office came under the rule of Krems, which at the time included peasant subjects in Gasselberg , Klein-Gaisfeld , Lobming , on the Muggauberg and in Thallein, as well as the offices of Modriach , Pack and Salla . At that time the lordship had a large keep , in which the lord of the castle exercised the lower jurisdiction and the judge was not allowed to intervene without permission. Criminals were handed over to the regional judge in Voitsberg .
Under Sigmund and later also under his son Otto Heinrich von Herberstein , the castle complex was expanded into a renaissance castle and sumptuously furnished until 1623. Otto had a large zoo laid out under the castle and increased the rulership through purchases. Since he was heavily in debt due to the expansion, he had to sell the castle and his Krems estate to Maximilian Leymann von Liebenau in 1629. Since Liebenau could not afford the purchase price, he had to sell Krems on to Baron Salomon von Meillegg in 1634. Meillegg had the facility converted. Since Meillegg did not have enough money to spend, let the Count Karl Saurau, the then governor of Styria, seize the rule. This enabled him to acquire the rule and linked it with his rule Ligist. Meillegg cleared out the richly furnished castle completely before the takeover, although it had been sold together with the furnishings. He took all the furnishings of value with him, including gilded wallpaper and the entire contents of the armory . The facility illegally taken away from Meillegg was worth about a million schillings . In letters he apologized to Saurau for this and spoke out about his poverty and the maintenance of his many children, which meant that he was not punished. Saurau had Krems lived in by an administrator. In the following years the facility was neglected. In 1730 the administration was moved to Ligist Castle and Krems was only inhabited by servants . The facility was left to decay. Around 1790, the dominion's forests were cleared, the property's own grounds were uncultivated and the income was leased. At around the same time, the Gamilllschegg and Neitter trades wanted to buy and renovate the castle, but the purchase price and restoration costs were too high for them. In 1817 part of the castle slipped on the south-eastern side after a rain shower. Archduke Johann of Austria, who also owned the ironworks in Krems, acquired the rule in 1857. From 1869 the ruin was owned by the Vordernberg-Köflacher Montan Industrie Gesellschaft, from 1877 it was owned by Countess Anna von Saurau, and from 1880 by the cellulose manufacturer Klusemann, then the Steiermärkisch-Salzburgischen Holzwerke AG.
On March 20, 1936, the ruin was placed under monument protection, whereupon the securing and opening of the facility began. The Töscher family of innkeepers followed the Steiermärkisch-Salzburgischen Holzwerke AG as owners. In the 1960s, a Krems Castle Association was formed to carry out renovation work on the castle complex. Burg Krems has been owned by the Licht im Leben association since 1988. The re-established Burgverein Krems has been taking care of the maintenance of the facility since 1993. In the winter of 1998/99 a path was laid along the outer wall, and between 1999/2000 the keep was renovated and made accessible again. In 2011, the stump of the wall of the northeast corner tower of the outer bailey was built over with a wooden structure by the Voitsberg rural youth . The history of the castle complex can be viewed in a small museum room that was opened in May 2015.
description
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The oldest preserved part of the hilltop castle is located in the western part of the complex, directly at the five-story keep on a hill directly on the steep slope. The mighty keep, built on an isolated boulder, has a store-like, even quarry stone masonry , which points to its origin in the 13th century. The western side of the tower has a semicircular and the eastern side an irregular polygonal plan. The original access was via the first floor at a height of about eight meters. It has partly broken, Romanesque garments made of ashlar . The door on the first floor was only recently broken out. Originally, the ground floor could only be reached through a hole in the vault. Both the ground floor and the first floor have a vaulted ceiling . A wall thickness staircase leads from the first floor to the second floor. The wall heels shows that the second and third floors used to have a beamed ceiling . All floors are illuminated by slits of light. The third floor probably had a balcony. This is indicated by a door opening facing south. The keep was renovated and can be climbed up to a platform. The top platform is surrounded by battlements and also forms the fourth floor. On the wall of the keep is an inscription with the year 1623, which indicates the expansion by the Herberstein family. Most of the wall remains to the north and south of the keep have the same masonry as it.
The complex is surrounded by a ring wall from the 14th or 15th century. The wall in the south-western part has two loopholes , in which two recessed sinkholes made from one workpiece have been preserved. Presumably they are Roman Spolia , the exact origin of which is not known. They could be from funerary monuments erected along the nearby Roman road. While the wall on the courtyard side in the west of the castle is largely buried, it rises to the outside to a height of three meters above the ground. Only the lowest number of stones on the eastern wall date from the 14th / 15th centuries. Century. The upper part dates from a later phase in the 16th century, recognizable by a different structure of the masonry. At that time, a semicircular flanking tower was built into the wall. To the north of this tower, in the inner courtyard, there were two battlements with loopholes for muskets . From the battlements only the wall heels are preserved.
In the south, the castle complex is closed off by a square tower with rubble stone masonry from the 14th century. In the 16th or 17th centuries, arched niches with large windows were built into them. It was used as a residential tower. The niche of a spiral staircase that has been preserved on the northern outer wall probably dates from the same time . To the north, two residential buildings adjoin the square tower. The northwest, five-story building served as a palace , dating from the 14th to the 15th century. The second building dates from the 16th / 17th centuries. Century and probably had court arcades .
In the 16th century, a connecting wing with irregular, hardly stored and bricks interspersed stone masonry was built between the eastern curtain wall and the old structure east of the keep . A gate hall leads through this wing from the northern, new courtyard to the southern, older inner courtyard. The inner courtyard is bounded in the east and west by the curtain wall, in the south by two residential buildings and in the north by the hill with the keep. In the past, there were probably two floors of living quarters above the wing with the gate hall. The storeys had rectangular windows in flat arch niches, which can still be seen.
In the north, the complex is completed by the outer bailey, which was built in the late 16th century and designed as a transverse wing. It is the youngest part of the system. At the corners of the outer bailey there were two small square towers, of which the north-eastern one has been preserved in full. This tower has keyhole slits made of bricks . The north-eastern tower has been preserved as a stump wall and was built over in 2011 with a wooden construction that is based on a representation on a copper engraving from the 17th century. In the outer bailey there was a small garden and a large horse stable attached to the curtain wall. In the north of the outer bailey, a ditch is created, which was spanned by a solid bridge from more recent times. Only the pillars of this bridge remain.
The water supply was first provided by a cistern and later by a well . The water was fed into the castle through wooden pipes from Thallein.
reception
coat of arms
The keep of Krems Castle was built on August 1, 1964 by Dr. Reiner Putschnig depicted the municipal coat of arms of the municipality of Lobming , which was independent until 1968 . The description of the coat of arms reads: In a blue shield with a flooded, water-colored shield base in silver on a mountain of three a tinned castle with a three-pinned, slender keep in the middle.
legend
According to a legend, robber barons are said to have lived at Krems Castle . On their wedding night, the lord of the castle had seen a white woman with long black gloves. He interpreted this as a bad omen, which turned out to be correct a few days later when his young bride died.
literature
- Ernst Lasnik : Voitsberg - portrait of a city and its surroundings . tape 1 . Municipality of Voitsberg, Voitsberg 2012, p. 249-254 .
- Werner Murgg: Castle ruins in Styria . Ed .: Federal Monuments Office (= B . Band 2 ). Ferdinand Berger & Sons, 2009, ISSN 1993-1263 , p. 158-161 .
Web links
- Entry via Krems Castle to Burgen-Austria
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Ernst Lasnik: Voitsberg - portrait of a city and its surroundings . tape 1 . Municipality of Voitsberg, Voitsberg 2012, p. 249 .
- ↑ a b c Werner Murgg: Castle ruins of Styria . Ed .: Federal Monuments Office (= B . Band 2 ). Ferdinand Berger & Sons, 2009, ISSN 1993-1263 , p. 158 .
- ↑ a b c d e Ernst Lasnik: Voitsberg - portrait of a city and its surroundings . tape 1 . Municipality of Voitsberg, Voitsberg 2012, p. 250 .
- ↑ a b c d e Werner Murgg: Castle ruins of Styria . Ed .: Federal Monuments Office (= B . Band 2 ). Ferdinand Berger & Sons, 2009, ISSN 1993-1263 , p. 159 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Entry about Krems Castle on Burgen-Austria
- ↑ For the text of the document, see Jakob Wichner : History of the Benedictine monastery Admont from the time of Abbot Isenrik to the death of Abbot Heinrich II Graz in 1876, document no. 175
- ↑ a b c Ernst Lasnik: Voitsberg - portrait of a city and its surroundings . tape 1 . Municipality of Voitsberg, Voitsberg 2012, p. 251 .
- ↑ a b c d e f Ernst Lasnik: Voitsberg - portrait of a city and its surroundings . tape 1 . Municipality of Voitsberg, Voitsberg 2012, p. 252 .
- ^ Gerhard Stenzel: From castle to castle in Austria. 2nd Edition. Kremayr & Scheriau, Vienna 1973, ISBN 3-218-00278-8 , p. 192.
- ↑ a b Ernst Lasnik: Voitsberg - portrait of a city and its surroundings . tape 1 . Municipality of Voitsberg, Voitsberg 2012, p. 253 .
- ↑ a b copper engraving as a template. In: Small newspaper. April 18, 2011, accessed February 8, 2016 .
- ^ Ernst Lasnik: Voitsberg - portrait of a city and its surroundings . tape 1 . Municipality of Voitsberg, Voitsberg 2012, p. 254 .
- ^ Krems castle ruins: Museum opened. In: Small newspaper. May 11, 2015, accessed August 24, 2015 .
- ↑ a b Werner Murgg: Castle ruins of Styria . Ed .: Federal Monuments Office (= B . Band 2 ). Ferdinand Berger & Sons, 2009, ISSN 1993-1263 , p. 158-159 .
- ^ Ernst Lasnik: Voitsberg - portrait of a city and its surroundings . tape 1 . Municipality of Voitsberg, Voitsberg 2012, p. 186 .
- ↑ Wolfgang Morscher: The "White Woman" from Krems. In: Sagen.at. Retrieved February 14, 2014 .
