Priraslomnaya
Priraslomnaja ( Russian Морская ледостойкая стационарная платформа, (МЛСП) "Приразломная" ) is a stationary eisfeste Russian oil - producing platform in the Pechora of the Arctic Ocean . The MLSP Priraslomnaja is currently the only platform producing oil in the Russian continental shelf area .
The owner and operator is Gazprom Neft Schelf , a subsidiary of the Russian energy company Gazprom . In 2014 the first oil was extracted and sold.
Platform location
Coordinates: 69 ° 15 ′ 52 ″ N , 57 ° 16 ′ 47 ″ E
The platform is located in Russia's exclusive economic zone , around 55 kilometers from mainland Russia , at a point where the sea is only 19 meters deep.
Occurrence of the Priraslomnoye oil field
The Priraslomnoye oil field was discovered in 1989. Gazprom suspects 72 million tons of oil to be found under the sea floor. The Priraslomnaja platform is expected to extract around 6.6 million tons of this per year. In May 1992 it was decided to mine mineral resources on the Russian continental shelf. As a result, various companies were commissioned to develop concepts for the development of the "Shtokmanovskoye" (natural gas) and "Priraslomnoye" (oil) deposits.
Construction of the platform
In 1996 the first 16 floor sections of the caisson began to be docked at Sevmasch in Severodvinsk. The upper part of the decommissioned North Sea platform "Hutton" was used to reduce overall costs. In 2003 the Hutton platform was moved to Severodvinsk and dismantled. Between 2004 and 2006, the 4 super blocks of the caisson were completed and welded together to form the base of the MLSP Priraslomnaja. At the end of 2006, parts of the Hutton platform's work area were installed.
The Hutton platform residential module could not be used and was scrapped. So the residential module of the platform in the Wyborger Schiffswerft was created as a new building, on the one hand to cope with the meteorological conditions of up to −40 degrees Celsius and on the other hand to meet modern standards. The residential module left the Vyborg shipyard on June 17, 2009 and was placed on the platform at the Sevmasch shipyard in Severodvinsk by the floating crane "RAMBIZ" at the end of July 2009.
In 2010 the platform was transferred to Murmansk for ballasting and further expansion before it reached its place of use on August 26, 2011. On August 28, 2011, the platform was lowered to the sea floor and secured in the following months with a stone barrier of 56,000 m 3 . The platform could not start its work as planned in 2012 due to technical deficiencies. The official postponement of the start of production by one year and further delays due to insufficient equipment did not allow production until April 2014.
The platform is supplied either by ships via Murmansk or by helicopter from the Warandey station ( Russian Варандей ). From November to June, ships have to deal with massive obstructions due to ice.
Steel construction of the second half of the residential module
New construction of the residential module
The platform in Murmansk
Special features of the MLSP Priraslomnaja
Special adaptation to the place of use
- Wave height up to 10 m (according to statistics, once every 100 years)
- 3 m thick concrete walls with multilayer steel
- Break edge for waves and ice in the upper area of the caisson
Technological processes in the promotion
- Drill holes (up to 40 pieces)
- Extraction of petroleum
- Storage of the crude oil in 12 tanks until it is transported away
- Shipping of the oil with ice-going tankers (via two cranes)
- Supply of the platform with heat and electrical energy
Security concept of the oil transfer
- Selection of one of the two transfer cranes depending on swell, ice, current and weather
- Consideration of up to 30 different factors when approving the oil transfer
- The transfer system is equipped with an emergency stop system, which closes the hose connection to the tanker within 7 seconds
- The platform is equipped with an automatic control system, which monitors the production process, the storage, the transfer of crude oil, the distribution of electrical energy and fire protection
- Since the platform is on the seabed, the casing of the boreholes ends within the platform. In the event of an accident, in contrast to the production facilities in the Gulf of Mexico , the platform itself closes the boreholes
Oil transport
There are two ice-going tankers ( Mikhail Ulyanov ; Kirill Lavrov ) and three icebreakers to ensure the uninterrupted transport of oil .
advancement
In April 2014 the first tanker transported oil from Priraslomnaja to Rotterdam .
In September 2014, the millionth barrel of oil was produced.
Technical specifications
| crew | 200 men | ||
| Net weight | 117,000 t | with ballast | 506,000 t |
| Dimensions: | |||
| Total height | 141 m | Height of the caisson: | 24.3 m |
| Base area of the caisson | 126 × 126 m | Caisson at sea level | 102 m × 102 m |
| Spaces inside the caisson | 12 tank farms | 113,000 m 3 | |
| Conveying capacity | |||
| Planned funding 2014 | 300,000 t | Maximum delivery rate (after 2020) |
5 million t / year |
| Periodicity of the shipment of crude oil (at maximum output) |
every 6 days | ||
| autonomy | |||
| Crew change: | every 30 days | Material delivery: | every 60 days |
| Information from the manufacturer Sevmasch in Severodvinsk | |||
Protests
Environmentalists have protested for a long time against the plans to build a platform in the sea area, as there is a threat to the highly sensitive ecosystem in the polar sea. Critics claim that Russian companies and authorities lack any experience with offshore production . Emergency equipment should be stored around a thousand kilometers away.
2012
In the summer of 2012, Greenpaece employees had already boarded the drilling platform once. At that time, they kept the platform occupied for 15 hours.
2013
On Wednesday, September 18, 2013, the Arctic Sunrise approached the production platform. The captain did not react to warning shots by the Russian coast guard. Greenpeace activists approached the facility with five speedboats and then tried to climb the steep outer wall. This was prevented; Image and video material published by Greenpeace showed how the climbers were first sprayed with cold water and then arrested at gunpoint. It was a matter of ensuring the safety of the conveyor system, explained Michail Karpenko, interim head of the border management of the FSB Russia for the Murmansk region. Greenpeace did not respond to warnings. Greenpeace complained that four of their speedboats had been slashed. Two environmentalists, a Finnish woman and a Swiss woman, were taken into custody by the Russian authorities.
The situation escalated in the afternoon of the following day. The Arctic Sunrise initially circled three nautical miles from the platform and was followed by a coast guard ship with the registration "058". Then soldiers of the Russian border troops boarded the ship with the help of a helicopter and the entire crew was arrested. Three crew members were initially able to lock themselves in the radio room; the satellite telephones on board could no longer be reached. According to Greenpeace, crew members had to kneel on the deck and were threatened with weapons by border guards.
Greenpeace portrays the Russian Coast Guard's actions as illegal because the Convention on the Law of the Sea is valid in the exclusive economic zone . On the other hand, maritime lawyers judge the process differently: according to the SUA Convention , even trying to occupy a platform is a criminal offense.
Web links
- Priraslomnaja on gazprom.com
Individual evidence
- ↑ Russian oil on the way to Europe N24 , April 18, 2014
- ↑ Putin: Russia is expanding its participation in world energy markets. Voice of Russia , April 18, 2014, accessed April 21, 2014 .
- ↑ МЛСП «Приразломная». ОАО «ПО« Севмаш », October 12, 2010, archived from the original on July 5, 2012 ; Retrieved December 15, 2012 (Russian).
- ↑ After the oil rig attack. Russian coast guard tows Greenpeace ship to Murmansk. RIA Novosti, September 20, 2013, accessed September 21, 2013 .
- ↑ Russia's border guards fire warning shots at Greenpeace ship. RIA Novosti, September 18, 2013, accessed September 21, 2013 .
- ^ Greenpeace campaign. The crew of the Arctic Sunrise gives up without a fight. Voice of Russia, September 20, 2013, retrieved on September 21, 2013 : “The activists tried to penetrate the“ Priraslomnaya ”platform and violated the 500-meter prohibited zone around them. An unknown object was transported that resembled either an explosive device or a device for scientific research. All of these acts violate section 36 of the Russian Code of Laws on Exclusive Economic Zones. They also fall under Section 253 of the Russian Criminal Code. "
- ^ Christoph Seidler: Protest against oil platform. Russian border guards board Greenpeace ship. Spiegel Online, September 19, 2013, accessed September 21, 2013 .
- ↑ Christoph Seidler: Greenpeace ship boarded. In the grip of the border guards. Spiegel Online, September 20, 2013, accessed September 21, 2013 .