Severodvinsk

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city
Severodvinsk
Северодвинск
coat of arms
coat of arms
Federal district Northwest Russia
Oblast Arkhangelsk
Urban district Severodvinsk
mayor Igor Skubenko
Founded 1936
Earlier names Sudostroi, Molotovsk
City since 1938
surface 120.51  km²
population 192,353 inhabitants
(as of Oct. 14, 2010)
Population density 1596 inhabitants / km²
Height of the center 7  m
Time zone UTC + 3
Telephone code (+7) 8184
Post Code 164500-164528
License Plate 29
OKATO 11 430
Website www.severodvinsk.info
Geographical location
Coordinates 64 ° 34 '  N , 39 ° 51'  E Coordinates: 64 ° 34 '0 "  N , 39 ° 51' 0"  E
Severodvinsk (European Russia)
Red pog.svg
Location in the western part of Russia
Severodvinsk (Arkhangelsk Oblast)
Red pog.svg
Location in Arkhangelsk Oblast
List of cities in Russia
Severodvinsk satellite image
The Korelsky Monastery at the beginning of the 20th century
Kudemskaya narrow-gauge railway
Sewmasch shipyard
Lomonosov Street
Korabelow Square

Severodvinsk ( Russian Северодви́нск ; until 1938 Sudostroi / Судостро́й ; 1938–57 Molotovsk / Мо́лотовск ) is a Russian city ​​with 192,353 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010) on the White Sea . It is best known for its shipyards.

geography

Geographical location

Severodvinsk is the second largest city in Arkhangelsk Oblast . It is located at the mouth of the Northern Dvina on the White Sea, about 35 km west of Arkhangelsk and 1000 km north of Moscow .

climate

Severodvinsk has a sub-arctic maritime climate. This is characterized by long cold winters and short cool summers. The annual average temperature is 1 ° C. In winter the temperatures are usually between −18 and +1 ° C, but can also drop to −40 ° C. In summer the temperatures are usually between 8 and 21 ° C. The average annual rainfall is around 580 mm. Most precipitation falls in August (68 mm), the least precipitation in February and March (28 mm).

Population development

The following overview shows the development of the population of Severodvinsk.

year Residents
1939 * 21.304
1959 * 78,657
1962 97,000
1967 121,000
1970 * 144,672
1973 160,000
1976 177,000
1979 * 197,232
year Residents
1982 161,000
1986 234,000
1989 * 248,670
1992 249,800
1996 238,700
1998 233,800
2002 * 201,551
2010 * 192.353

(* = Census data)

history

Origins

The first mention of a settlement in the area of ​​today's Severodvinsk dates back to 1419. That year, the local Nikolo Korelsky monastery ( Николо-Корельский монастырь ) was burned down by Norwegian sailors.

In May 1553, the English Company of Merchant Adventurers dispatched three ships, led by Admiral Sir Hugh Willoughby and his navigator Richard Chancellor , to find a northeast passage through the Arctic Ocean . In this way a new trade route to China should be opened up. The ships were separated by a storm and Chancellor anchored his ship on August 24, 1553 in the Nikolsky estuary of the Northern Dvina not far from the monastery. Chancellor was received by Ivan the Terrible . As a result, trade relations were established between England and Russia.

From 1553 to 1584, the first Russian trading port was established in the area with the Port of Saint Nicholas. This was for a long time one of the most important trading points in Russia, but later lost its importance with the expansion of the Archangel port.

Today's city

The construction of today's city began in 1936 on a decree by Josef Stalin . Its aim was to build a shipyard for the northern fleet of the Soviet Navy , which should make them independent of the shipyards of the Baltic fleet . In June 1936 the ship Iwan Kaljajew and the first builders reached the area near the Nikolo Korelsky monastery , which was named Sudostroi . After the completion of the railway line in November 1936, construction of the shipyard began.

As in many other regions of Northern Russia and Siberia , the construction was mainly carried out with the help of thousands of Gulag prisoners . The approximately 30,000 inmates of the nearby Jagrinski-ITL forced labor camp were called in to build the city and the shipyard . It is believed that around 25,000 prisoners died when the city was built between 1936 and 1953.

On August 11, 1938, Sudostroi was renamed Molotovsk in honor of one of Stalin's closest confidants, Vyacheslav Molotov , and was given city status. On December 21, 1939 the shipyard № 402 (today's Sevmasch shipyard ) was put into operation.

During the Second World War Molotovsk was a supply port for the Allied fleets, which in accordance with the lending and leasing law supplied the Red Army in this way . Most of the shipments, which were actually destined for the port of Arkhangelsk , were actually unloaded in Molotovsk. In this way, more than half of the goods destined for the Arkhangelsk region reached the Soviet Union via Molotovsk .

On September 12, 1957, the city was renamed Severodvinsk. The name is derived from the location of the city on the Northern Dvina .

From 1954 to 1957, in the Sevmash -Werft the first Soviet nuclear-powered submarine , the Leninsky Komsomol (К-3) constructed. It was the first Project 627 submarine . In the years that followed, many other types of submarines up to Project 941 were built here, including the later sunken K-219 . To this day Severodvinsk, with 128 completed nuclear submarines, is the center of Russian nuclear submarine construction.

In 2007, construction of the world's first floating nuclear power plant , the Akademik Lomonosov nuclear power plant , began in Severodvinsk . Originally, completion by the Sewmasch shipyard should take place in 2010. In 2008, however, it was decided that construction of the nuclear power plant would be continued by the Baltiski zavod shipyard in Saint Petersburg .

On August 8, 2019, an explosion occurred on a site 40 kilometers west of the city, near the village of Njonoksa , where missiles for nuclear submarines are tested (see Njonoksa nuclear accident ). Several people were killed or seriously injured in the accident. The city administration of Severodvinsk briefly noted an increased dose rate after the accident .

On June 6, 2020, the city was completely cordoned off due to the COVID-19 pandemic .

economy

The economy relies primarily on the shipbuilding industry. The Sevmash ( Северное машиностроительное предприятие ) is a major employer and the largest Russian shipyard with around 25,000 employees. It is used for the construction and maintenance of ships, submarines and nuclear submarines, as well as the construction of marine drilling platforms.

There is also a second shipyard, the Swjosdotschka ( Звёздочка , in German "asterisk"). In addition to shipbuilding, disused nuclear submarines are also recycled here.

Other important branches of industry are mechanical engineering (e.g. Sewdormasch until 2009), metal processing , wood processing and the food industry .

traffic

The Kudemskaya narrow-gauge railway south of Severodvinsk is a forest railway on which timber has been completely stopped, it is now only used for passenger transport.

Severodvinsk is connected to the Russian capital Moscow by the M8 Kholmogory highway .

Town twinning

Severodvinsk lists the following twin cities :

sons and daughters of the town

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service of State Statistics of the Russian Federation); Čislennost 'naselenija po municipal'nym obrazovanijam i naselennym punktam Archangel'skoj oblasti, vključaja Neneckij avtonomnyj okru Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 Goda (population number of municipal structure and places the Arkhangelsk including the Autonomous circles Nenets results of the All-Russian census 2010.) Table (Download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of Arkhangelsk Oblast)
  2. ↑ http://pogoda.ru.net/climate/22550.htm Climate diagram of the nearby Arkhangelsk
  3. ↑ a b Russian website about the monastery
  4. ↑ History of the City (English).
  5. ↑ Jagrinski-ITL (JagrinLag) in the GULAG Internet portal of Memorial Deutschland e. V.
  6. ↑ http://www.sevmash.ru/?id=2435&lg=ru (Russian)
  7. ↑ http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/severodvinsk.htm
  8. ↑ http://www.severodvinsk.info/ Official site of the city
  9. ↑ http://www.mojgorod.ru/arhangel_obl/severdvinsk/index.html
  10. ↑ Rosenergoatom - 08/08/2008 - Construction of floating NPP to be continued by Baltiysky Zavod  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (English)@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.rosenergoatom.ru  
  11. ↑ Explosion on a military test site in Russia. In: faz.net. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, August 10, 2019, accessed on August 10, 2019 .
  12. ↑ City cordoned off, COVID-19. June 5, 2020, accessed June 5, 2020 .
  13. ↑ http://www.sevmash.ru/

Web links

Commons : Severodvinsk  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files