Tiraspol

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Тiraspol ( rum. )

Тирасполь ( Russian )

Тирасполь ( ukr. )
coat of arms
coat of arms 		flag
flag
State : TransnistriaTransnistria Transnistria (de facto) Moldova (de jure)
Moldova RepublicRepublic of Moldova 
Rajon : Tiraspol city
Founded : 1792
Coordinates : 46 ° 51 ′  N , 29 ° 38 ′  E Coordinates: 46 ° 51 ′  N , 29 ° 38 ′  E
Area : 50  km²
 
Residents : 148,917 (2010)
- Metropolitan area : 350,000 (2010)
Population density : 2,978 inhabitants per km²
 
Time zone : Eastern European Time (UTC + 2 / UTC + 3)
Telephone code : (+373) 533
 
Mayor : Andrei Besbabchenko
Website :
Tiraspol (Transnistria)
Tiraspol
Tiraspol

Tiraspol ( Russian Тирасполь Tiraspol , Ukrainian Тирасполь Tyraspol ) is the capital of the de facto regime Transnistria . De jure , it is the second largest city ​​of the Republic of Moldova , which still regards the region as part of its own territory.

Tiraspol is located on the eastern bank of the Dniester and is a university town, cultural center and business location. In 2010 it had just under 150,000 inhabitants. Together with the nearby cities of Bendery and Slobodseja as well as numerous surrounding communities, the city forms an agglomeration with almost 350,000 inhabitants.

history

Tiraspol in the 19th century
Tiraspol Post and Telegraph Office, early 20th century
The Ulitsa Lenina in 1941
Soviet of the city of Tiraspol
Transnistrian University

The city of Tiraspol was founded as a fortress in 1792 by the Russian general Alexander Suvorov , near the Romanian village of Sucleia. The name Tiraspol was based on Tyras , the Greek name of the Dniester river . Tiraspol developed into a relatively important customs post in the 19th century.

After the Russian Revolution of 1917, the city became part of the Soviet Union . Between 1929 and 1940, Tiraspol acted as the capital of the Moldovan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic , a republic of the Ukrainian Union Republic . In 1926 there were almost 30,000 people in the city, 55% of them Russians and 29% of the city's population were Jews . By 1940 the population of Tiraspol rose to 50,000.

A few weeks after the German attack on the Soviet Union began, Romania, then allied with Germany, occupied the city ​​on August 7, 1941. On April 12, 1944, when the city was recaptured by the Red Army , the majority of the city's Jewish population was murdered been. After the Second World War, Tiraspol belonged again to the Soviet Union and was part of the Moldovan Soviet Socialist Republic and its second largest city.

During the Soviet period, numerous industrial companies settled in the city, and in 1967 a trolleybus network was opened. Moldova's Russian-speaking minority was particularly concentrated in Tiraspol, where it was in the majority.

In 1990, shortly before the collapse of the Soviet Union , the Moldovan Soviet Socialist Republic insisted on state independence, and unification of Moldova with Romania was also an issue at the time. In the eastern part of Transnistria , however, the Union-maintaining forces were in the majority and saw their rights endangered by nationalist policies.

Orthodox Cathedral of the Nativity of Jesus Christ in Tiraspol

After tensions and contradictions continued to increase, in 1990 the part of the country east of the Dniester finally broke away from the rest of Moldova. The Transnistrian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic with Tiraspol as its capital was proclaimed there and initially tried to remain within the Soviet Union.

After the failed August coup in Moscow in 1991, the Republic of Moldova, like all other Soviet republics, finally proclaimed independence. Since then, Transnistria has also insisted on state independence as the Transnistrian Moldavian Republic (PMR), but has not yet been recognized by any state, even though it is indirectly supported by Russia. Since the Transnistrian War in 1992 , in which Moldova completely lost control of the region, Transnistria has been a stabilized de facto regime with its own administration, politics, currency, passports and state apparatus.

Due to its status as the capital of Transnistria, the city has numerous government institutions and ministries. In 1990 the former Tiraspol Pedagogical Institute was transformed into the Taras Shevchenko Transnistrian State University , making Tiraspol a university town. Since 1993 there has been a trolleybus line connecting Tiraspol with the nearby town of Bendery .

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Tiraspol existed from 1848 to 2002. Although it was named after the city of Tiraspol, it was always located in Saratov on the Volga in Russia .

The largest and best-known companies in Tiraspol today include the electronics manufacturer Elektromasch , the textile manufacturer Tirotex , the spirits brand Kvint and the major concern Sheriff .

Demographics

The population in 2004 consisted of about 42% Russians , 33% Ukrainians and 15% Moldovans . Small minorities of Bulgarians (1.5%), Gagauz (1.3%), Belarusians (1.1%) as well as several hundred Germans (mostly Russian- Germans ), Jews and Armenians also live in the city . In 2004, around 5% of the population gave no information about their origin.

The formerly large Jewish community (1929: 29.4% of the city's population) is now only weakly represented in the city as a result of the Holocaust and emigration.

Town twinning

Welcome sign at the entrance to the village

The most recent town twinning with Eilenburg was concluded in 2002, but never actively maintained. It developed from a visit to the Eilenburg Lions Club in Tiraspol. From a diplomatic point of view, this partnership was considered problematic because Transnistria is not officially recognized. That is why there has been no return visit since an Eilenburg delegation visited Tiraspol in November 2002 to sign the contract. In 2017, the Eilenburg side was repealed.

Further city partnerships:

Tiraspol Symphonic Orchestra

Education and culture

Nadezhda Aronezkaya Drama Theater

The Taras Shevchenko Transnistrian State University and the Transnistrian Engineering and Technical Institute are located in the city. In the summer of 2013, the Tiraspol State Art Academy was opened. Universities from Moscow , Kiev and Odessa also have a branch in Tiraspol.

The city is home to numerous museums and libraries, a state symphony orchestra, and the Nadezhda Aronezkaya Drama Theater, which is named after the actress and director Nadezhda Aronezkaya who used to work in Tiraspol .

traffic

A trolleybus of the model Belkommunmasch AKSM-420 in Tiraspol

Local public transport in Tiraspol is mainly handled by regular buses and trolleybuses. The trolleybus network not only includes Tiraspol itself, but also the neighboring town of Bendery and the suburb of Parkany . In addition, numerous marshrutki operate in the city . The former airport (Aerodrom Tiraspol) has not been in operation since the armed conflict in 1992, but there are plans to reopen it with Russian help. Trains to Chișinău , Odessa and Moscow run in Tiraspol .

economy

Bank promenade on the Dnestr

Tiraspol is the main economic center of Transnistria. The city's most important company is the sheriff group , which has a chain of petrol stations, supermarkets, large bakeries, advertising agencies, a construction company, a publishing house and other subsidiaries. The city is also home to the well-known liquor manufacturer Kvint and the largest Transnistrian communications company Interdnestrkom . The Transnistrian Railway Company as well as several banks, including the Transnistrian Republican Bank , are located in the city. Over the turn of the millennium, apparently a significant amount of bed linen production remained from the once flourishing textile industry , but with the Tirotex company , a large clothing manufacturer is still active.

Sports

The successful professional football club Sheriff Tiraspol is based in the city. He plays in the Sheriff Stadium , which was opened in 2002 and, despite the difficult political situation, is a member of the Divizia Națională , the highest Moldovan football league, and Moldovan record champions with 15 championship titles. FC Dinamo-Auto Tiraspol has also played in the Divizia Naională since the 2013/2014 season .

The city's third successful club, CS Tiligul-Tiras Tiraspol , had to stop gambling in 2009 for financial reasons. Tiligul-Tiras was the only one of the clubs to be represented in professional football as a second division team at the time of the Soviet Union . Another former club that represented Tiraspol in the top Moldovan football league was FC Tiraspol , which was dissolved in 2015 .

sons and daughters of the town

The German singer Julia "Jule" Neigel lived in the city for two years as a child.

Web links

Commons : Tiraspol  - collection of images

Footnotes

  1. ↑ mepmr.org ( Memento of the original dated November 2, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / mepmr.org
  2. ↑ Transnistrian census 2004 ( Memento from April 30, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  3. ↑ taz.de
  4. ^ Cancellation of the town twinning agreement with Tiraspol. In: buergerinfo.eilenburg.de. September 27, 2017. Retrieved April 28, 2018 .
  5. ↑ Dina Leonidowa on nr2.ru: Начал работу Приднестровский государственный институт искусств ( memento of the original from September 14, 2013 in the Internet archive ) Info: The archive link has not yet been checked automatically. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.nr2.ru
  6. ↑ writing in 2003 a women's organization from Tiraspol to Wittenberg Nähmaschinenfabrik describes the development of seamstresses city .