Kargopol

city Kargopol Каргополь coat of arms Federal district Northwest Russia Oblast Arkhangelsk Rajon Kargopolski Founded 1146 City since 1784 surface 13  km² population 10,214 inhabitants (as of Oct. 14, 2010) Population density 786 inhabitants / km² Height of the center 120  m Time zone UTC + 3 Telephone code (+7) 81841 Post Code 164110-164111 License Plate 29 OKATO 11 218 501 Geographical location Coordinates 61 ° 30 ′  N , 38 ° 56 ′  E Coordinates: 61 ° 30 ′ 0 ″  N , 38 ° 56 ′ 0 ″  E

Location in the western part of Russia

Location in Arkhangelsk Oblast

List of cities in Russia

Kargopol ( Russian Каргополь ) is a city in Arkhangelsk Oblast in northwest Russia with 10,214 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010). Kargopol is one of the oldest cities in northern Russia.

geography

Kargopol is located on the left bank of the Onega River , 350 km southwest of the city of Arkhangelsk and a few kilometers from Lake Lacha . It is located near the borders of the Republic of Karelia and Vologda Oblast in the southwest of Arkhangelsk Oblast. The closest city is Njandoma, about 70 kilometers to the east .

Kargopol is the administrative center of the Kargopolski rajon of the same name . In addition, since 2006 it has been the administrative center of the municipality of Kargopolskoje (Russian Муниципальное образование “Каргопольское” / municipal structure “Kargopolskoje” ), which includes Kargopol as well as the village of Saschgino ( Зажнигигигигигигino ).

The city's climate is cold temperate continental, with short cool summers and long cold winters.

history

The area on the Onega River was settled by colonists from the Novgorod Republic at the latest since the 12th century . There is no precise information about the year Kargopol was created. Chronicles suggest that it was founded in 1146. In that year the Belomorsk prince Vyacheslav defeated the Finno-Ugric tribe of the Tschuden . The name Kargopol is probably a Russification of the Finno-Ugric words "karhu" (in German: bear ) and "puoli" (in German: side ).

In 1378 a prince of Kargopol Gleb is mentioned for the first time in the Nikon Chronicle , who submits to the Moscow Grand Duke Dmitri Donskoy. The place itself is mentioned for the first time in 1447, when the princes Dmitri Shemjaka and Ivan Moshaiski sought protection from the revenge of the Moscow Grand Duke Vasily II for a short time in Kargo pole . Kargopol was mostly part of the Novgorod Republic at this time , but there were repeated battles with the Grand Duchy of Moscow over this region

With the defeat of the Novgorod Republic in 1478 by Ivan III. Kargopol became part of the Grand Duchy of Moscow.

Church of the Birth of Mary from 1680

From the 15th to the end of the 17th century, Kargopol was one of the most important trading cities due to its location on the trade route from Moscow to Arkhangelsk . As a result, it was also one of the 19 tsarist cities that paid for the upkeep of the oprichnina . In addition, Kargopol was one of the few cities in the time of Ivan the Terrible that received the right to profitably trade in salt.

Kargopol was also an important fortified town and was besieged and partially burned down three times between 1612 and 1614, during the Polish-Russian War . In 1608 the leader of the Russian peasant uprising Ivan Bolotnikov was executed in Kargopol .

Kargopol, which was declared a town for the first time in 1613, received the current town charter in 1776 and became the district town of the Olonez Province of the Novgorod Governorate .

After Russia gained access to the Baltic Sea via Saint Petersburg at the beginning of the 18th century , Kargopol lost its position as a trading metropolis.

With the completion of the railway line from Moscow to Arkhangelsk, which runs about 80 km east of Kargopol, it almost completely lost its importance.

From 1938 to 1940 Kargopol was the seat of administration for the nearby Gulag Kargopol-ITL, in which up to 30,000 people were temporarily imprisoned. The prisoners were mainly active in the field of wood extraction and processing.

Population development

The Cathedral of the Nativity of Christ from 1562. In the foreground is a memorial to the victims of the Great Patriotic War

Resurrection Church

The following overview shows the development of the population of Kargopol.

year	Residents
1562	523
1897	3,000
1926	3,400
1939	6.338
1959	8,650
1970	11,427
1979	10,749
1989	12,495
2002	11,192
2010	10.214

Note: 1897-2010 census data (rounded up to 1926)

Economy and Transport

The main branches of the economy in Kargopol are mainly forestry and the food industry. Kargopol is known for its painted clay toys ( Каргопольская игрушка ), the manufacture of which has a long tradition.

The city has no rail links. The nearest train station is in Njandoma . The lines R1 (Kargopol- Plesezk - Mirny - M8 ) and R2 ( Pudosch- Kargopol-Njandoma) run through Kargopol .

education

In the city there are three middle schools, as well as a sports and an art school.

Attractions

Kargopol and its surroundings are known for its medieval architecture and the typical wooden and stone churches of northern Russia. The city panorama is characterized by buildings of the Russian White Wall architecture of the 17th century. At the beginning of the 20th century Kargopol had 22 churches and two monasteries. Today 11 churches are still preserved from them. The oldest is the Cathedral of the Nativity of Christ ( Христорождественский собор ) from 1562, the walls of which are made of dolomite.

The other oldest stone churches in the city include:

• the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary ( Церковь Рождества Богородицы ) from 1680
• the Church of Our Lady in Jerusalem ( Введенская церковь ) from 1802, near the Cathedral of the Nativity of Christ
• the Church of the Annunciation ( Благовещенская церковь ) from 1692
• the Trinity Church ( Троицкая церковь ) on the northeastern edge of the city, which was built from 1790 to 1802
• the Church of John the Baptist ( Церковь Иоанна Предтечи ) from 1751, which is the tallest church in the city at 35 m
• the Church of the Resurrection ( Воскресенская церковь ), built at the end of the 17th century
• the church of Sossima and Sawwati ( Церковь Зосимы и Савватия ) on the southwest edge of the city, which was built between 1814 and 1816
• the Nikolauskirche ( Никольская церковь ) from 1742

Other sights are the approximately 60 m high bell tower and the "Kargopol State Historical and Architectural Museum".

The Kenosero National Park is also located on the territory of Kargopolski rajon .

• 

  Nikolsky Church

• 

  View over Kargopol with the Cathedral of the Nativity of Christ (left)

• 

  Church of John the Baptist

Personalities

• Alexander Baranow (1746–1819), fur trader and head of the Russian-American company

Web links

Commons : Kargopol  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Site about tourism in the region

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service of State Statistics of the Russian Federation); Čislennost 'naselenija po municipal'nym obrazovanijam i naselennym punktam Archangel'skoj oblasti, vključaja Neneckij avtonomnyj okru Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 Goda (population number of municipal structure and places the Arkhangelsk including the Autonomous circles Nenets results of the All-Russian census 2010.) Table (Download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of Arkhangelsk Oblast)
2. ↑ Law on the Status and Limits of Territories of Municipal Constructions of Arkhangelsk Oblast. / "О статусе и границах территорий муниципальных образований в Архангельской области" Word file, Russian; Reviewed July 2, 2017
3. ↑ History of Kargopol on kargopol.ru ( Memento of the original from January 18, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; Reviewed June 30, 2017 
4. ↑ ^{a b c} article about Kargopol on towns.ru ; Reviewed June 30, 2017
5. ↑ ^{a b c} Oleg Kodola: Istoričeskij putevoditel 'po Archangel'skoj oblasti. Pravda Severa, 2006, ISBN 5-85879-240-5 , pp. 83-84
6. ↑ Kargopol-ITL in the GULAG Internet portal of Memorial Deutschland e. V.
7. ↑ Kargopol on pomorland.info ; Reviewed June 30, 2017