Urdoma

Urban-type settlement Urdoma Urdom Federal district Northwest Russia Oblast Arkhangelsk Rajon Lena Urban-type settlement since 1963 surface 5  km² population 4577 inhabitants (as of Oct. 14, 2010) Population density 915 inhabitants / km² Height of the center 101  m Time zone UTC + 3 Telephone code (+7) 81859 Post Code 165720 License Plate 29 OKATO 11 235 557 Geographical location Coordinates 61 ° 45 '  N , 48 ° 32'  E Coordinates: 61 ° 45 '0 "  N , 48 ° 32' 0"  E

Location in the western part of Russia

Location in Arkhangelsk Oblast

Urdoma ( Russian Урдома ) is an urban-type settlement in northwestern Russia . It belongs to the Arkhangelsk Oblast and has 4577 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010). The settlement is located in Lena district .

geography

Urdoma is located near the border with the Komi Republic , about 506 kilometers from the Oblast capital Arkhangelsk , on the Verkhnyaya Lupja River ( Верхняя Лупья ), which flows through the settlement in the southeastern part. The River Nyanda ( Нянда ) flows into the Verkhnyaya Lupja in the east of the settlement . The river Wytschegda runs about 8 kilometers west of Urdoma . At its confluence with the Northern Dvina , about 115 kilometers southwest of Urdoma, the nearest cities Korjaschma , Solvytschegodsk and Kotlas are located . The nearest towns east Urdomas are the about 103 kilometers away Mikun , and the 117 km distant Syktyvkar in the Komi Republic.

history

The original place Urdoma was a small village on the banks of the Wytschegda, which was owned by a stone church. The name Urdoma is derived from the words “Ur” ( Komi : for squirrel ) and “dom” (Russian: дом ; for house ), which is due to the fact that for centuries large numbers of squirrels were hunted for fur in the region .

The present settlement was established in 1930, as one of many settlements in the region, as part of the persecution policy for political opponents of the Stalin government . In the early 1930s, many thousands of " kulaks " from all parts of the Soviet Union and their families were deported to Lena Rajon in order to develop previously unpopulated areas. In addition to the original settlement of Shestoi Utschastok ( Шестой участок , "Sixth Section"), a second settlement with the name Njanda , named after the small river of the same name , was built on the site of today's Urdoma in the summer of 1930 . Like Schestoi Utschastok, it had the status of a special settlement ( спецпоселение / Spezposselenije ) and was therefore a relocation guarded by soldiers and other guards. This is how the first buildings were erected in the settlement: next to wooden barracks for housing the settlers, barracks and a commandant's office for the guards. Especially in the first few years there were frequent outbreaks of disease and famine, which many settlers fell victim to. Over the years, the Shestoy Uchastok settlement was dissolved and the population moved to the Nyanda settlement . A kolkhoz was established in the area . In addition, the surrounding dense forests were started to be used for wood production.

In 1939 the construction of a railway line began near the settlement of Njanda and in 1941 the construction of a railway station began. Another settlement called Urdoma was built around the station . The established railway station became part of the Pechora Railway, which was newly built during World War II . In addition to the Russians living in exile, prisoners from the surrounding gulags , including Poles, Belarusians, Ukrainians and Germans, were also involved in the construction of the route . In the years 1946 to 1947, the railway station was expanded, mainly by German prisoners, and a second track was laid.

During the Second World War , the Soviet government decided to include many of the male "kulaks" from the special settlements in the Red Army in order to fight the German Wehrmacht . This even made it possible for their families to relocate to other areas, which led to many of the small settlements being disbanded during the war. Shortly after the war, this regulation was abolished, so that kulaks were no longer allowed to leave the settlements without the approval of the commandant's office. In the following years, however, there were more amnesties , so that many of the kulaks became legally free and some returned to their original home areas. The last kulaks were legally exempted on August 13, 1954 by an ordinance of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (original title: " О снятии ограничений по спецпоселению с бывших кулаков и других лиц ").

In 1963, the places Njanda , Urdoma and the 1950s Pervomaiski ( Первомайский ) and Pessochny ( Песочный ) were merged and received the status of an urban-type settlement under the name Urdoma .

Urdoma narrow-gauge railway

In the 1950s, Urdoma was the starting point for the Urdomaer narrow-gauge railway ( Урдомская узкоколейная железная дорога ), which was mainly used to transport timber. In 1960 the length of the route was already 32 kilometers, so that another railway station was built at which the village (selo) Schelesnodoroschnyj ( Железнодорожный ) was built. The route was gradually expanded and in 1980 had a length of 70 kilometers, as well as two smaller branches to open up the forests. At the beginning of the 1990s, however, with the resettlement of the population of Selo Schelesnodoroschnyj , which was finally closed completely in 1995 , the route lost much of its importance. The line was finally stopped in 2005 and the line was dismantled.

Population development

The following overview shows the development of the population of Urdoma.

year	Residents
1970	4,235
1979	5.106
1989	4,998
2002	4,637
2010	4,577

Note: census data

Economy and Infrastructure

Urdoma is a railway station on the Kotlas – Mikun line, the Pechora railway that runs from Konosha to Vorkuta .

The main economic branch of the settlement has always been the wood industry. Since the 1970s there has been a compressor station in the city for the natural gas pipeline that has run through the settlement since 1969 and which today belongs to Gazprom transgas Uchta (" Газпром трансгаз Ухта "). Urdoma owns a hospital, a music school, two newspapers and a cultural center.

Since 1999, Urdoma has also been home to the Church of the Icon of the Kazan Mother of God ( Храм Иконы Казанской Богоматери ), which has a golden dome and was consecrated by Patriarch Alexius II . The funds to build the church were provided by Viktor Uspaskich , a Urdoma-born Lithuanian entrepreneur and politician.

Sons and Daughters of the City

• Viktor Uspaskich (* 1959), Lithuanian entrepreneur and politician of Russian origin, Minister of Economics of Lithuania (2004–2005)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service of State Statistics of the Russian Federation); Čislennost 'naselenija po municipal'nym obrazovanijam i naselennym punktam Archangel'skoj oblasti, vključaja Neneckij avtonomnyj okru Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 Goda (population number of municipal structure and places the Arkhangelsk including the Autonomous circles Nenets results of the All-Russian census 2010.) Table (Download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of Arkhangelsk Oblast)

Web links

• Lena Raion on the Arkhangelsk Oblast side (Russian)
• History of the Urdoma Narrow Gauge Railway (Russian)
• History of Urdomas (Russian)