Komi (language)
| Komi (komi kyv) | ||
|---|---|---|
|
Spoken in |
Russia | |
| speaker | 217,000 (2002) | |
| Linguistic classification |
|
|
| Official status | ||
| Official language in |
 Republic of Komi
|
|
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639 -1 |
kv |
|
| ISO 639 -2 |
com |
|
| ISO 639-3 |
kom (macro language) Individual languages included:
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|
The Komi languages ( коми кыв, komi kyv ) belong to the Permian group of the Urals language family . Two written languages have developed since the 1920s: Komi-Syrian and Komi-Permyak . They are spoken by the Komi peoples who live in the Russian Federation . From a linguistic point of view, one language is often spoken of with two written variants.
A historical written language is Old Permic or Old Syrian , which was in use from the 14th to the 17th century and for which a separate (Syrian) script was used, which is said to go back to the national saint of the Komi Stefan of Perm . In the 1920s, the Cyrillic-based Molodzov alphabet was used.
Komi Syrian
→ Main article: Komi-Syrian
Komi-Syrian is an agglutinating language, with properties of inflected languages also appearing. The wealth of prefixes and suffixes is striking . In Komi Syrian there are 16 cases and no grammatical gender. It has 26 consonants and 6 vowels . In addition to the written language, up to 10 dialects can be identified. In the lexicon, influences of northern Iranian (Scytho-Sarmatian), Turkic , Samoyed languages and Russian can be demonstrated. The Cyrillic alphabet with special characters has been used since 1938 . In Komi-Syrian there is a rich oral tradition as well as its own literature. Newspapers and magazines appeared in this language, and radio and television programs were broadcast. Komi-Syrian is the language of instruction in primary schools and a subject in secondary schools. For the year 2002 the number of speakers is given as 217,000 people. This is a decrease of more than 50,000 compared to 1989. Komi-Syrian has been an official language in the Republic of Komi since 1992, together with Russian .
Komi-Permyak
Although Komi-Permyak is close to Komi-Syrian, it was developed as a separate written language. The distinctive stress is one of the distinguishing features of Komi Syrian. There are 17 cases. There are two main dialects. The Komi-Permyak language has become less and less important in recent decades. So the number of publications is falling. For 2002 the number of speakers is given as 94,000. Compared to 1989 this is a decrease of almost 25,000. Komi-Permyak has no official status. It is only taught in a number of schools in the Perm region.
ISO code
The ISO-639 code for Komi is kvor kom(ISO 639-2) which is the SIL code KOI.
Language example
The numbers from one to ten:
1 öтик 2 кык 3 куим 4 нёль 5 вит 6 квайт 7 сизим 8 кöкъямыс 9 öкмыс 10 дас
Web links
Websites on Komi
- mp3 with music Komi (and Mari)
- Website in Komi (and Russian) about the Komi people ( memento of March 17, 2002 in the Internet Archive )
Website in Permyak