Compressor station

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Natural gas compressor station Rothenstadt-Weiherhammer (2009)

A compressor station (also called a compressor station) is a system in a natural gas pipeline in which a compressor compresses the natural gas again in order to compensate for pressure losses.

After processing, the natural gas is transported from the natural gas fields to the consumers via pipelines. It is fed in at high pressure and the pressure in the pipeline is reduced due to the loss of flow. It is therefore necessary to compress the natural gas in compressor stations.

Construction of a compressor station

  • Prime mover ; this drives the compressor and mostly uses natural gas as its energy source. There are almost always two or more prime movers at one compressor station (see N + 1 redundancy ).
    • In the case of small units, it usually consists of a piston gas engine (less than 1 MW drive power).
    • For larger ones, always from a gas turbine (with 1 to 30 MW drive power).
    • Electric motors are a more recent development . The problem is the dependence on the power grid. The black start could be thwarted by the mutual dependence of the gas network and the electricity network ( gas power plants ) . The advantage is the elimination of the gearbox, its lubricating oil and drive cooling, as well as lower volume.
      • Centrifugal compressors with electric motor drive have been running in Neustift / Oberkappel (WAG West Austria gas pipeline ) and Baumgarten (Lower Austria, three 6 MW each) since 2010 and 2011 respectively .
  • Waste heat recovery ; the prime mover. Today, this is not yet provided at each compressor station, but is in the TAG -Verdichterstation in Weitendorf such a plant the OMV Gas & Power in operation, in which the waste heat and is generated therefrom up to 16 MW of electrical power no additional CO 2 to to produce.
  • Gear unit ; this balances the speed of the prime mover with the compressor.
  • Liquid separator ; separate free liquids (water, hydrocarbons) and dust particles.
  • Compressor ; this sucks in the natural gas from the pipeline and feeds it back in compressed.
  • Cooler ; During compression, the natural gas heats up and now has to be cooled, because on the one hand hot gas has a lower density and thus a higher pressure loss, and on the other hand the high temperature damages the moisture insulation of the pipeline.

Small systems have space in buildings the size of a prefabricated garage, while large systems require a system the size of a factory hall.

Energy expenditure and gas consumption

The compressor stations, so z. B. on the Trans Austria gas pipeline , are arranged approximately every 100 km. The demand for natural gas to drive the compressor stations is heavily dependent on the operating condition and the design of the pipeline system, since the pressure loss is the square of the flow velocity. When the pipeline is in overload, this is up to 1% of the transported amount per 100 km; in the full load condition around 1% for every 250 km, in contrast in the 10% partial load condition only 1% for around 10,000 km (typical figures).

Gas pipelines over long distances typically have a diameter of 700 to 1400 mm and are operated at pressures of up to around 100 bar. The maximum pressure that occurs after the compressor station falls through wall friction and turbulence to about 2/3 to half, before the gas is compressed again at the next station.

For a model calculation, the distance from compressor stations offshore (in the sea) every 800 km and onshore every 400 km is assumed. By later halving these distances by installing a further compressor station between each of the two previous ones, the throughput capacity of the pipeline can be increased relatively inexpensively by around 30%.

The throughput of gas through pipelines can be measured with +/- 0.15 percent error using modern methods; different methods can result in a deviation of a few tenths of a percent. Depending on the throughput rate, the pumping costs incur up to 1% gas consumption per 100 km of pipeline. Leaks can also cause losses. If Russia has now politically accused Ukraine of diverting gas, it is difficult to prove that there are no modern measuring devices at the key points.

Locations

Germany

Others in: Bunde, Werne , Eischleben, Lippe, Mallnow, Olbernhau, Rehden, Rückersdorf, Weisweiler

Lithuania

There are two stations in Lithuania :

Austria

The pipeline operator Gas Connect Austria specifies the typical speed of the gas flow as 8 m / s = approx. 28 km / h. Edler (2013) estimates 70 bar as the maximum operating pressure (MOP) for all natural gas pipelines of network level 1 in Austria.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Calculation of capacities in the pipeline system  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , As of May 31, 2009@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.taggmbh.at  
  2. ↑ ingaa site - Compressor Stations. April 8, 2013, accessed March 3, 2020 .
  3. ↑ Burcin Cakir Erdener, Kwabena Addo Pambour, Ricardo Bolado-Lavin: An integrated simulation model for analyzing electricity and gas systems . In: International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems . tape 61 , October 2014, ISSN  0142-0615 , p. 410–420 , doi : 10.1016 / j.ijepes.2014.03.052 ( rug.nl [PDF; accessed on March 3, 2020]): “This study deals with identifying the physical interactions between electricity and gas systems in short term interval. [...] when a failure occurs in the electricity network this will eventually have an effect on the gas system as well. [...] we can say that in case of pipeline failures, the gas system operator also has to consider the electricity system to identify all type of contingencies in the gas system, however, for the electricity system operator, it is not necessary to analyze both systems together in case of transmission line failures in short term. "
  4. ↑ GE Energy press room GERMANY ( Memento from March 19, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) OMV uses ICL technology from GE Oil & Gas again November 10, 2009 GE Energy press, accessed December 18, 2011
  5. ↑ Description of the TAG pipeline system  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. As of May 31, 2009@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.taggmbh.at  
  6. ↑ Jens Perner: The long-term natural gas supply in Europe: Analyzes and simulations with the EUGAS supply model, p. 143 f. Oldenbourg Industrieverlag, 2002. Schriften des Energiewirtschaftliches Institut, 60. Online books.google.at, accessed November 2, 2016.
  7. ↑ Rolf H. Latusseck: How the gas on the way to the EU will disappear welt.de, January 23rd 2009, accessed November 2, 2016.
  8. ↑ Network operator of the GASPOOL market area. Retrieved May 11, 2018 .
  9. ↑ http://www.wingas-transport.de/reckrod.html
  10. ↑ http://mysolar.cat.com/cda/files/870985/7/Solar_Turbines_5000_Gas_Compressor_News_Rel_Sent.pdf
  11. ↑ Compressor stations gascade.de, accessed November 2, 2016.

Web links