Mesenski rajon
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Mesenski rajon
Мезе́нский муниципа́льный район
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The Mesenski rajon ( Russian Мезе́нский муниципа́льный район , transcribed Mesenski munizipalny rajon ) is an administrative unit within the Arkhangelsk Oblast . It is located northeast of the Oblast capital Arkhangelsk and has 10,330 inhabitants. The administrative center is the city of Mesen . Large parts of the Rajon are restricted areas and may only be entered with the permission of the FSB .
geography
With 34,400 km², the Rajon is the largest in area in Arkhangelsk Oblast. It extends in the far north of the oblast on the coast of the White Sea . It is bordered by the Primorski rajon in the southwest, the Pineschski rajon in the south, the Leschukonski rajon in the southeast and the Ust-Zilemski rajon belonging to the Komi Republic in the east. The Morshovets Island in the White Sea also belongs administratively to the Mesenski rajon and is the only point of the Rajon that lies north of the Arctic Circle.
Most of the Mesenski rajon belongs to the taiga and is covered with boreal coniferous forest. In the northern part of the Rajon, which borders the Arctic Circle , there is a transition to the tundra ( lesotundra ). The Rajon lies in the catchment area of the rivers Mesen (with the tributaries Pjosa and Kimscha ) and Kuloi (with the tributaries Nemnjuga and Sojana ), which flow into the Mesenbos of the White Sea in the eastern part of the Rajon . There are numerous glacial lakes in the Mesenski rajon .
history
The area of today's Rajon was originally inhabited by Finno-Ugric peoples . In the 13th century, the first Slavic settlements emerged, which belonged to the Novgorod Republic and after its fall passed into the Grand Duchy of Moscow .
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In the Russian census of 1623, several settlements on the Mesen River are named.
The remote region has served as a place of exile since the 17th century. Among other things, the clergyman Avakum Petrow , the lover of Tsarina Sofia Vasily Golitsyn and Artamon Matveev served their sentences here. In the early 20th century, especially well-known revolutionaries and writers - among them Pyotr Moisseienko , Inessa Armand , Kliment Voroshilov , Alexander Serafimowitsch and Valeri Jaswizki - were banished to the Mesen region.
In the course of an administrative reform of Peter the Great , the area became part of the Archangelgorod governorate in 1708 . The governorate was dissolved in 1780 by the Ukas of Catherine the Great and its areas became part of the governorship of Vologda ( Вологодское наместничество , Vologodskoje namestnitschestwo ). In the course of this, the two settlements Okladnikowa and Kuznetsova were merged and Mesen received city rights as a place. In 1796 the Mesenski ujesd became part of the Arkhangelsk Governorate . Some areas of the Mesenski ujesd were between 1917 and 1925 part of the newly founded Ust-Waschski ujesd with the center Ust-Waschka (today Leschukonskoje ).
The Mesenski ujesd was dissolved by another administrative reform in 1929 and became part of the Northern Krai as the newly founded Mesenski rajon . In 1936, the Northern Krai was transformed into the Northern Oblast and finally in 1937 it was divided into the Arkhangelsk and Vologda Oblasts. The Mesensky rajon became part of Arkhangelsk Oblast.
Population development
The following overview shows the development of the population of the Mesenski rajon.
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Note: 1959-2010 census data
Administrative division
The Mesenski rajon is administratively divided into 13 Selsowjets, one city and one urban-type settlement. At the community level, the Rajon communities (divided into twelve (Agriculture) selskoje posselenije russ. Поселение сельское / rural settlement ) and two (urban) (municipalities gorodskoje posselenije , Russ. Городское поселение поселение / urban settlement ). The administrative center of the Rajon is the city of Mesen.
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Restricted areas
Large parts of the Mesenski rajon belong to the so-called border zone ( Пограничная зона ) of the Russian Federation. In these areas, access is regulated for both Russians and foreigners. Permits to enter these areas are issued by the FSB. This regulation affects the entire coastal region of the White Sea, including the municipalities of Mesenskoye , Kamenskoye , Dolgoschtschelskoje , Koidenskoye (including Morschowez Island) and Rutschjewskoje .
Culture and sights
The region around Mesen is known for its traditional wooden architecture. In the village of Kimsha there is the Hodegetria Church ( церковь Одигитрии ) built in 1709 , which is protected as a historical and cultural monument of federal importance. There are also six windmills from the 19th century, which are classified as historical and cultural monuments of regional importance. To ensure the protection of the wooden structures, some of them, such as windmills, farmhouses and barns from the 19th century, were moved to the Malyje Korely open-air museum near Arkhangelsk.
In Mesen there is the Mesen Historical Local History Museum ( Мезенский историко-краеведческий музей ).
Economy and Transport
The main industry of the Rajons is the wood industry. Traditionally, fishing was also of great importance until the early 1990s.
Due to the remote location and the roads flooded in the thaw, national traffic in summer is only possible by plane. There are airports in Mesen and Kamenka with regular connections to Arkhangelsk. Most roads are only passable in winter. A country road leads from Mesen to Leschukonskoje . On the left side of the Mesen river there is a year-round passable country road that leads from Kimsha via Pinega to Arkhangelsk. There is ferry service on both the Mesen and Kuloi rivers.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c History of Mesens on the official website of the Rajon. ( Memento of the original from August 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Russian); Retrieved August 9, 2014
- ↑ a b Административно-территориальное деление Архангельской губернии в XVIII-XX вв. on rusarchives.ru ( Memento of the original from July 24, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Russian); Reviewed on August 9, 2014
- ^ Statute of the Mesenski rajon (Russian); Retrieved August 9, 2014
- ↑ Restricted areas on the Official Tourism Portal of Arkhangelsk Oblast ( Memento of the original from September 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Russian); Retrieved August 9, 2014
- ↑ Hodegetria Church on kulturnoe-nasledie.ru ( Memento of the original from August 11, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Russian); Reviewed on August 9, 2014
- ↑ Historical-cultural objects of regional importance on kulturnoe-nasledie.ru ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Russian); Reviewed on August 9, 2014
- ↑ Malyje Korely Open-Air Museum (Russian); Reviewed on August 9, 2014
- ↑ Entry of the historical local museum Mesen on museum.ru (Russian); Reviewed on August 9, 2014
- ↑ Sergei Gleserow: Сказка о потерянном рае, или как живётся в Долгощелье . Nevskoye Vremya, August 27, 2002 (Russian); Retrieved August 9, 2014
Web links
- Official site of the Mesensky rajon (Russian)
- The Mesensky rajon on the Arkhangelsk Oblast official site (Russian)
Districts : Arkhangelsk | Koryashma | Kotlas | Mirny | Novaya Zemlya | Novodvinsk | Severodvinsk
Rajons : Kholmogorsky | Kargopolski | Konoschski | Kotlasski | Krasnoborsky | Lenski | Leschukonski | Mesenski | Nyandomski | Oneschski | Pineschski | Plesetsky | Primorsky | Schenkurski | Ustyansky | Catfish | Verkhnoyemsky | Wilegodski | Winogradowski