Kuloi (White Sea)

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Kuloi
Куло́й
Data
Water code RU :  03030000312103000041463
location Arkhangelsk Oblast ( Russia )
River system Kuloi
source White Sea Kuloi Plateau east of Arkhangelsk
64 ° 34 ′ 31 ″  N , 41 ° 57 ′ 20 ″  E
Source height approx.  125  m
muzzle White Sea northwest of Mesen Coordinates: 66 ° 12 '55 "  N , 43 ° 41' 58"  E 66 ° 12 '55 "  N , 43 ° 41' 58"  E
Mouth height 0  m
Height difference approx. 125 m
Bottom slope approx. 0.53 ‰
length 235 km (including the Sotka headwaters 350 km)
Catchment area 19,000 km²
Discharge at the Kuloi
A Eo gauge : 3040 km²
Location: 209 km above the mouth 		MQ 1926/1991
Mq 1926/1991
 		33.5 m³ / s
11 l / (s km²)
Left tributaries Kjolda , Polta , Yeschuga , Laka , Sojana
Right tributaries Nemnjuga
Navigable 208 km
The Kuloi catchment area

The Kuloi catchment area

The Kuloi ( Russian Куло́й ) is a tributary of the White Sea in northwestern Russia .

The river is a total of 350 km long. In the upper reaches it is called "Sotka"; on the lower 235 km it is called "Kuloi".

course

The river has its origin at a height of about 125  m in the small Lake Vilkino located in a swamp area a good 60 kilometers as the crow flies east of the Arkhangelsk Oblast Administrative Center . It initially flows as Sotka in an easterly to north-easterly direction and in a narrow valley cuts through the south-eastern part of the White Sea Kuloi Plateau ( Belomorsko-Kuloiskoje plato ), which is made up of larch and spruce forests and which abruptly separates to the east from the White Sea Kuloi Level ( Belomorsko-Kuloiski ustup ) is limited. This area is part of the Pinega Nature Reserve (Pineschski sapowednik ) . Not far from the settlement (and former city) of Pinega , the Sotka approaches the Pinega , an important tributary of the Northern Dvina, up to a few kilometers .

There he turns the river to the north, away from the Pinega, and is called Kuloi from this point on . The Kuloi maintains the northern direction of flow through a wide valley low, along its entire length in the territory of Arkhangelsk Oblast . It finally flows into the Mesenbuses of the White Sea with a pronounced, gradually widening estuary . Above the mouth of the funnel, the Kuloi is already over 100 meters wide and three meters deep, and the flow velocity there is 0.1 m / s. The estuary is also called Kuloibusen, is up to six kilometers wide, when it opens to the Mesenbusen between Cape Charin Nos and Kargowski (a good 50 kilometers northwest of the small town of Mesen ) about five kilometers.

The most important tributaries are the Kjolda , Polta , Jeschuga , Laka and Sojana from the left and the Nemnjuga from the right.

Hydrology

The catchment area of the Kuloi covers 19,000 km². The river freezes over from October to May.

The mean annual runoff on the upper middle reaches, 209 km from the mouth, is 33.5 m³ / s with a minimum monthly average of 17.3 m³ / s in March and 93.6 m³ / s in May. Taking into account the discharge volumes of the most important tributaries Nemnjuga and Sojana and other tributaries, the average value for the Kuloi at the mouth is well over 100 m³ / s.

The lower reaches of the Kuloi are under the influence of tides for several tens of kilometers .

Use and infrastructure

In the area closest to the Pinega ( location ), the Kuloi is connected to the Pinega by a six-kilometer canal and is navigable from there to the mouth. Just like the tributaries Nemnjuga (37 km) and Sojana (17 km), this section is an inland waterway (208 km; the lower section in the Kuloibusen below Dolgoschtschelje is not included).

The canal was built between 1926 and 1928 and has a lock. It enabled direct inland waterway traffic between the river systems of the Northern Dwina / Pinega and the Mesen via Kuloi and Mesen Bay. After the Arkhangelsk - Pinega - Mesen road was completed in 2008, the importance of the canal continued to decline; the lock has been damaged and out of order for a long time. Mainly only local traffic with smaller vehicles to the few places on the river and its tributaries is carried over the Kuloi (Krasny Bor, Kuloi on the upper middle course, Karjepolje on the middle course, Dolgoschtschelje near the mouth of the Kuloi; Sovpolje on the Nemnjuga; Sojana on the Sojana).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Article Kuloi in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)http: //vorlage_gse.test/1%3D67275~2a%3DKuloi~2b%3DKuloi
  2. ↑ a b Kuloi in the State Water Directory of the Russian Federation (Russian)
  3. ↑ a b Kuloi at the Kuloi gauge - hydrographic data at R-ArcticNET
  4. ↑ Nemnjuga at the Sowpolje gauge - hydrographic data from R-ArcticNET
  5. ↑ Sojana at the Sojana gauge - hydrographic data at R-ArcticNET
  6. ^ List of Inland Waterways of the Russian Federation (confirmed by Order No. 1800 of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 19, 2002); on-line
  7. ↑ Development of the Arkhangelsk Oblast road network on the Archavtodor regional road authority website