Mazyr

Mazyr | Mosyr
Мазыр | Мозырь
( Belarus. ) | ( Russian )
coat of arms
State :	Belarus
Woblasz :	Homel
Coordinates :	52 ° 3 '  N , 29 ° 14'  E Coordinates: 52 ° 3 '  N , 29 ° 14'  E
Area :	36.74  km²
Residents :	111,801 (2017)
Population density :	3,043 inhabitants per km²
Time zone :	Moscow time ( UTC + 3 )
Telephone code :	(+375) 2351
Postal code :	247760
License plate :	3
Mazyr

Mazyr and Mozyr ( Belarusian Мазыр / Mazyr ; Russian Мозырь / Mozyr ; Polish Mozyrz ) is a city with 111,600 inhabitants (2006) in the Gomel Region in the southeast of Belarus , 133 km southwest of Gomel and 320 km south of Minsk . Mazyr is on the river Prypjat ( Pripjet ) near the restriction area as a result of the Chernobyl accident is set up.

history

The first written mention of Mazyr, one of the oldest Belarusian cities, is documented for the year 1155, when the Kiev prince Jurij Dolgorukij gave it to the Chernigov prince Svyatoslav Olgovich. Over the centuries, Mazyr belonged to several domains (Kiev, Chernigov, Turov principality). Since the mid-1560s it was part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania as a trading center of the district ( Pawet ) Kiev , in 1569 it belonged to the Rzeczpospolita as a city in the Mensker (Minsk) voivodeship as a result of the Lublin Union . The Magdeburg Law was Mazyr 1577, a coat of arms until later; the relevant documents are now kept in the national historical archive of Belarus in Minsk.

As a result of a great city fire at the beginning of the 17th century, the Masyr Castle and part of the city burned down to the ground. In this context, reconstruction measures were taken from 1609 to 1613, after which the residents were ordered to rebuild the castle and the city squares. In 1648, Mazyr was the scene of the Khmelnytskyi uprising against the aristocratic landowners.

After the second division of Poland in 1793, the city fell to Russia and became a district capital in the Minsk governorate . The construction of a separate railway line in the Palessia region , today southern Belarus, in the 1880s made a decisive contribution to the economic growth of the city and region. In 1885, the Molnija ('Blitz') match factory was established in the town.

Soviet power was established in Mazyr in 1917. From February to December 1918 the city was under German occupation. During the Polish-Soviet War it was occupied by Poles from March 5 to June 29, 1920. From 1924 Mazyr was a district town in the still young Soviet Union, ie the center of a Rajon , in 1926/27 it belonged to the Slabada Rajon , 1924–1930 and 1935–1938 it was the center of the Mazyr district, 1938–1954 the capital of the area ( Woblasz ) Palessia . Since 1954 the city has belonged to the Gomel region.

Shortly before the Second World War, there were 6,300 Jews in Mazyr, roughly a fifth of the population, there were Yiddish schools and a chamber of the court that dealt in Yiddish. Immediately after the German attack on the Soviet Union , the first massacres took place on August 22, 1941. At the end of 1941, the Germans established a ghetto . On January 7, 1942, 1,150 or 1,500 Jews were murdered.

Population development

year	Residents	year	Residents
1552	1,500	1970	48,000
1576	2,000	1973	58,000
1724	1,500	1991	103,000
1795	2,000	1997	108,000
1825	3,000	2004	111,500
1850	6,500	2009	108,792
1878	7,834	2016	112.003
1897	8,067	2017	111,801
1907	9,976
1927	14,300
1939	17,500

climate

Mazyr
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.     41   -2 -7     38   -1 -7     42   5 -3     43   14th 3     59   21st 8th     87   23 12     102   25th 14th     64   24 13     60   18th 8th     52   12 3     49   4th -1     47   -1 -6 Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm Source: http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/

Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Mazyr Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) -1.7 -0.7 4.7 14.0 20.6 23.0 25.0 24.1 18.3 11.5 3.7 -0.8 O 11.9 Min. Temperature (° C) −6.8 −7.0 -2.8 2.8 8.3 11.9 13.8 12.6 8.1 3.4 -1.4 −5.5 O 3.2 Precipitation ( mm ) 41.0 38.0 42.0 43.0 59.0 87.0 102.0 64.0 60.0 52.0 49.0 47.0 Σ 684 Source: http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/

coat of arms

Description: A gold-armored black eagle in blue .

This goes back to an illustration from the 17th century in connection with the granting of the privileges of Magdeburg law.

Economy and tourism

Mazyr, together with Navapolatsk, is the center of the oil industry in Belarus. One of the two oil refineries of the state-owned Belneftekhim group is located in Mazyr . Other industries based in the city are mechanical engineering, the metal and wood processing industry, the chemical industry, light industry (e.g. the Nadex textile factory) and the food industry; so z. B. the company Mosyrsol kitchen salt. The pharmaceutical company Etanol, which in addition to medical products also produces substances containing alcohol, claims to be the largest microbiological company in the country during the Soviet era.

The state hotels are the Dynama, the Elada and the Pripyat hotel complexes.

As a tourist attraction, Mazyr offers a summer toboggan run and, in winter, a free ski lift. There is also a very interesting castle in the center.

traffic

In Mazyr, in addition to buses, a tram line has been operating since August 1, 1988, the length of which is 20 km. This makes Mazyr one of four cities in Belarus with tram traffic, along with Minsk, Vitebsk and Navapolatsk .

The Kalinkavichy - Ovrutsch ( Ukraine ) railway runs past Mazyr at a distance of seven kilometers. The city is connected to Gomel, Babruysk and Ovrutsch by highways .

Although the city has the largest port in the country, neither industrial nor tourist shipping is particularly developed. Mazyr has an airport, which has since been closed.

Culture

Sculpture in Mazyr

The Iwan Melesch Theater, the Philharmonie, the Regional Studies and Culture Museum for the Palessie Region , a museum for applied arts and a municipal exhibition hall are all located in Mazyr . In 1990 the Palace of Culture of the Mazyr petroleum processing plant was opened, in which well-known artists also perform from time to time.

The only movie theater in the city is the Mir ('Peace') cinema; there are more than 50 public libraries.

education and Science

In the city there are 15 secondary schools, four music schools, 35 kindergartens and one vocational school each (technical center) for construction, geology, sports and medical professions.

• Мозырский государственный педагогический университет имени И.П. Шамякина:

The college of education was founded in 1944 and the first graduates left the college in 1946. In 1964, after a resolution by the BSSR Council of Ministers, it was given the name N (adeschda) K. Krupskaja. In the 1990s it was converted into the State Pedagogical Nadezhda Krupskaya University in Mazyr and thus upgraded. In 2006 it was finally named after the writer Ivan Pyatrovich Shamjakin after a presidential decree. The university now bears the official name of the State Pedagogical IP Shamjakin University of Mazyr.

Sports

In addition to numerous swimming pools, gyms and stadiums, Mazyr has winter sports facilities that are the mainstay of tourism in the region.

The football club Slavija Mazyr played in the first Belarusian league in the 2017 season.

Attractions

• The Orthodox Church of St. Mikhail including the monastery
• The Catholic Church of St. Michael including the Minorite Monastery

sons and daughters of the town

• LA Jarmolina (1900–1984), stage actress
• Michail Finberg (* 1947), conductor
• Aljaksandr Klimenka (* 1983), football player
• Artem Milewskyj (* 1985), Ukrainian football player
• Andrej Warankou (* 1989), football player
• Raman Ramanau (* 1994), cyclist
• Ksenija Sitnik (* 1995), singer, winner of the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2005

gallery

• 

  Orthodox Church of St. Mikhail with a monastery

• 

  Eastern part of Mazyr

• 

  Lenin Square

literature

• Mozyr , in: Guy Miron (Ed.): The Yad Vashem encyclopedia of the ghettos during the Holocaust . Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 2009 ISBN 978-965-308-345-5 , p. 501

Web links

Commons : Mazyr  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Mazyr City Portal (in Russian)
• Photos from Mazyr (in Russian)
• Blog on the older history (before the revolution) of Mazyr including onomastics (in Russian)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ National Statistical Comitet Belarus: Population as of January 1, 2017 and the average annual number of the population in 2016 in the Republic of Belarus by region, district, city and municipality. March 27, 2017, Retrieved October 1, 2017 (Russian). 
2. ↑ ^{a b} Genad's Pyatrovich Paschkou et al .: Вялікае Княства Літоўскае . Кадэцкі корпус - Яцкевіч. Ed .: Беларуская энцыклапедыя імя Петруся Броўкі. tape 2 . Minsk 2005, ISBN 985-11-0378-0 , pp. 258 (Belarusian).
3. ↑ Alexander Michailowitsch Prokhorov: Great Soviet Encyclopedia . 3. Edition. (Russian: Большая советская энциклопедия .).
4. ↑ Genads Pjatrowitsch Paschkou et al .: Вялікае Княства Літоўскае . Кадэцкі корпус - Яцкевіч. Ed .: БелЭн імя П. Броўкі. tape 2 . Minsk 2005, ISBN 985-11-0378-0 , pp. 259 .
5. ↑ Genads Pyatrovich Pashkou: Encyclopedia of Belarusian History . М - Пуд. Minsk 1999, ISBN 985-11-0141-9 , pp. 36 (Belarusian: Энцыклапедыя гісторыі Беларусі .).
6. ↑ National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus: Census of the Republic of Belarus 2009. (PDF) Retrieved on October 1, 2017 (Russian). 
7. ↑ Alexander Jelski: Geographical Lexicon of the Kingdom of Poland . Malczyce - Netreba. tape 6 . Warsaw 1885, p. 754 .
8. ↑ National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus: Population as of January 1, 2016 and the average annual number of the population in 2015 in the Republic of Belarus by region, district, city and municipality. March 30, 2016, Retrieved October 1, 2017 (Russian). 
9. ↑ Genads Pyatrovich Pashkou: Encyclopedia of Belarusian History . М - Пуд. tape 5 . Minsk 1999, ISBN 985-11-0141-9 , pp. 37 (Belarusian: Энцыклапедыя гісторыі Беларусі .).
10. ↑ National Statistical Comitet Belarus: Population as of January 1, 2017 and the average annual number of the population in 2016 in the Republic of Belarus by region, district, city and municipality. March 27, 2017, Retrieved October 1, 2017 (Russian). 
11. ↑ SW Marzleu: towns and villages in Belarus: Encyclopedia in 15 volumes . Гомельская вобласць. Ed .: БелЭн. tape 2 , no. 2 . Minsk 2005, ISBN 985-11-0330-6 , pp. 83 (Belarusian: Гарады і вёскі Беларусі .).
12. ↑ http://nadex.by/ (in Russian)
13. ↑ http://www.mozyr-etanol.com/ (in Russian)
14. ↑ http://mozyr.tut.by/city/tramway/ (in Russian)
15. ^ Educational institution "State Pedagogical IP Shamjakin University Mazyr": Past and present. "Mazyr State Pedagogical IP Shamjakin University, accessed October 1, 2017 (2012-2016). 
16. ↑ http://de.soccerway.com/national/belarus/premier-league/2017/regular-season/r39607/