Rahatschou

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Rahatschou | Rogachev
Рагачоў | Рогачёв
( Belarus. ) | ( Russian )
coat of arms
coat of arms
 flag
flag
State : BelarusBelarus Belarus
Woblasz : Flag of Homyel Voblast.svg Homel
Coordinates : 53 ° 6 '  N , 30 ° 3'  E Coordinates: 53 ° 6 '  N , 30 ° 3'  E
Height : 136  m
 
Residents : 34,882 (2010)
Time zone : Moscow time ( UTC + 3 )
Telephone code : (+375) 2339
Postal code : 247250
License plate : 3
 
Website :
Rahatschou (Belarus)
Rahatschou
Rahatschou

Rahachou ( Belarusian Рагачоў ; Рогачёв Rogachev ) is a town in Homelskaya Woblasz in Belarus . It is the capital of Rahachou Raion . The city lies between the Drut and Dnieper rivers . The population is 34,882 (as of 2010).

history

Archaeological finds from the area show that people lived here around 14,000 years ago. Numerous flint tools and weapon parts as well as mammoth bone fragments were found. The first settlements can be traced back to the Middle Stone Age. During the Bronze Age this area was already relatively densely populated. There are many tombs here, especially from this period. Around the beginning of the era, around 2000 years ago, a castle already existed in the Rahatschau area. The first documentary mention comes from the year 1142 and refers to Prince Igor. The origin of the city's name is not clear.

1142-1772

In the 13th century Rahatschou belonged to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania . At this time there were wars between the Lithuanian and the expanding Grand Duchy of Moscow , which also involved the area around Rahatschau. At the same time, however, Crimean Tatars and Kazakhs also pushed into this region.

In the 15th century there was a dynamic development of the area, this time is known as the golden century for Rahachou. The Pinsk princes ruling at this time gave the area to Sigismund I (the Elder) (1467–1548), who gave the city to his wife Bona Sforza for their wedding. She was a princess of Milan, known among other things from a painting by Lucas Cranach the Elder. J. Bona had a castle built in Rahatschau on the Schlossberg in the center of the old town center. In 1562 the city was sacked and burned by Crimean Tatars, in 1654 the troops of the Hetman Solotorenko are staying in this area . From 1569 to 1772 Rahatschau was under the rule of the Polish Rzeczpospolita , important dates here are the Lublin Union in 1569 and the Church Union of Brest from 1596.

In the 17th and 18th centuries, Rahachou lost its importance due to the ongoing armed conflicts between the Lithuanians and Muscovites, who were still fighting each other, and development stagnated. In 1772, after the first division of Poland , Rahatschou was under the rule of the new principality that had arisen from the Lithuanian and the Polish. The city became the administrative center of a district that was about five times the size of today's district.

1772-1940

On March 22, 1777, Rahatschau becomes the capital of a district in the Mogilev governorate by decree of Tsarina Catherine II .

At that time it was decided to build a new castle on the castle hill in place of the castle of Princess Bona. The plans had already been made and the buildings standing in the way had already been torn down when the plans for the new building here were abandoned and the facility in Bobruisk was built.

The favorable geographical location of the city was an essential factor for the development and the boom, especially for forestry and handicrafts. Rahatschau was an important point on the trade route along the Dnieper between Mogilev and Kiev . The city's economic boom and cultural development was interrupted by the Patriotic War against Napoleon Bonaparte's troops .

The abolition of serfdom in 1861 by Tsar Alexander II accelerated economic growth throughout the Russian Empire and in Rahachou. In the 19th century, the settlement of Jews in Russia was mainly limited to the Pale of Settlement . Rahatschou belonged to this area and at the end of the 19th century around 60% of the population were Jewish. Some of them became very prosperous. Wassili Jolschin, a noble Jew with quite a wealth of wealth, had some large buildings built in the city from 1905 to 1909, which he then transferred to the city. Two of these buildings still exist today, School No. 2 and the Palace of the Pioneers. The 600-seat cinema theater, which was also financed and built by him, was very large for the time, and is no longer there. This building was a cultural center, and Chaliapin performed here.

The construction of the Mahiljou - Shlobin railway line at the beginning of the 20th century once again promoted regional growth. New buildings were built, such as the first theater "Modern", a secondary school and a teacher training college. In 1913 there were more than 50 factories with 185 workers in Rahatschau. During the civil war after the October Revolution , fighting broke out in Rahachou, and the city was temporarily occupied by the Polish army. During this time Rahatschau printed its own stamps and money.

In the first five-year plan of the Soviet Union , a milk canning combine, a bread factory and a tractor machine plant were built in the city. The existing sawmill and the cardboard factory were reconstructed. As industry grew, so did the population. Rahatschou became an industrial center:

  • 7 combines,
  • 1 factory,
  • 13 production workshops,
  • 4 middle schools,
  • a primary school and a secondary school,
  • 8 clubs,
  • 2 libraries and
  • a movie theater.

As part of the expansion of the city, numerous green spaces, some of which still exist today, were created in the center.

coat of arms

Coat of arms from 1781

Description: In the golden coat of arms, a golden crown hovers over a black, gold-crowned double - headed eagle with upturned wings and a bent black horn below the black dividing line .

Symbolism: In 1781 the city received its coat of arms, a black horn on a golden shield, the golden color stands for the honey produced in large quantities in this area.

sons and daughters of the town

literature

  • Rogachev. In: Guy Miron (ed.): The Yad Vashem encyclopedia of the ghettos during the Holocaust. Yad Vashem, Jerusalem 2009, ISBN 978-965-308-345-5 , pp. 659 f.
  • Leonid Smilovitsky: Rogachev. In: Martin Dean (ed.): The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945. Vol. 2, Ghettos in German-Occupied Eastern Europe: Part B. Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2012, ISBN 978-0-253-00227-3 , pp. 1722-1724.

Web links

Commons : Rahatschou  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jörg Müller: The history of the district of Rogachev before 1142. rogachev.de, accessed on May 17, 2020 .
  2. ↑ Jörg Müller: The history of the district Rogachev 1142–1772. rogachev.de, accessed on May 17, 2020 .
  3. ^ Jörg Müller: The history of the district of Rogachev 1172-1940. rogachev.de, accessed on May 17, 2020 .
  4. ↑ Вишневский Сергей Владимирович , encyclopedia.mil.ru (Russian)
  5. ↑ Рогачёвец Юрий Ильин возглавил военно-морские силы Украины , vrogacheve.ru (Russian)
  6. ↑ Olesya Bakunova in the Sports-Reference database (English; archived from the original )