Priwalnoye
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Privalnoe
Привальное
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The village of Priwalnoje ( Russian Привальное ; German, unofficially Warenburg ) is located in the German national circle of Asowo in the Russian Oblast of Omsk in western Siberia . The national district is located southwest of the megacity Omsk , near the border with Kazakhstan . Priwalnoje includes almost immediately southwest of the administrative center of the circle, Azov , and has about 900 inhabitants. Azowo is also the seat of the rural municipality Azovskoye selskoje posselenije, to which Privalnoye belongs together with four other villages.
In the 1990s, the vast majority of them were of German descent and for the older and middle generation, the German language (a more southern German dialect with a certain Russian “twist”) was still a common language. Most of the children already spoke Russian among themselves and with the adults.
From the story of Privalnoye
At the time of the tsarist empire
Almost all of the first inhabitants of the village came from the German mother colonies on the Volga ( Volga Germans ). At the end of the 19th century they made the long and difficult journey to find a better life east of the Urals. According to the memories of the villagers, it was Salman Gaus, Andreas Becker, Kondrat Krumm, Heinrich Schwabenland, Reinhard Jung and their families. The banks of Lake Sibanob were chosen to settle the colonists. Kazakhs lived here at the time. They were engaged in animal husbandry and were nomads. The newcomers liked the area and began to build earthen huts, sheds and stables. Each farming family was allocated a piece of land from the common land for use. Also later the forests were named after the names of the owners, e.g. B. Wolfskolk, Schneiderskolk, Beckerskolk etc. At the beginning of 1896 the village was named Warenburg - after its home village on the Volga. In 1897 there were 47 families (126 men and 135 women) in Privalnoje. They kept 101 cows and 32 sheep. Surplus food, such as grain, meat, milk and butter, was brought to Omsk for sale. The First World War (1914–1918) came. Peasants from Priwalnoye were among those called up into the Russian Tsarist Army : Andreas Beck, Alexander Popp, Johann Beck.
During the Soviet Union
In 1927 some families founded a machine cooperative and bought an American "Fordson" tractor. A newly founded cooperative was called the “cooperative for joint soil cultivation”. To this end, the Endysch, Schneider and Jung families joined forces in March 1929. In 1931 the cooperative was renamed Commune. The first chairman was Heinrich Meier. After the commune collapsed in 1933, a kolkhoz was founded. The first chairman was Philipp Gommer. The Second World War 1941–1945 came. At the beginning, some men from Priwalnoye also served in the Red Army : Adam Jesse, Friedrich Beck, David Erbes and others. But like almost all “ Soviet Germans ” they were removed from the army in 1941 and sent to the “Trudarmee” (labor army). Only old people, women and children remained in Priwalnoye. Some did not return to the village until the war was long over. In 1965 an eight-year school was built in the village. The first school principal was Pyotr Mikhailovich Kokorin. Since 1984 there has been a "Stollowa" (dining hall) and a cattle breeding complex in the village. In 1985 a water pipe was finally completed. In 1986 a kindergarten was built and in 1987 the construction of a new medical base and a new youth club was completed.
In the times of the new Russia
Since 1992 Priwalnoje has been a village in the German national district of Azovo near Omsk, in which, according to official information, around 60% of Germans lived at that time (However, it was not uncommon for Russian-Germans - especially from mixed-national marriages - to register as "Russians" in their passports, to avoid disadvantages). A new, two-story school building was erected to mark the centenary of the village's founding (1994). At that time the village had 487 adults and 303 children. The number of courtyards was 236. Privalnoye is now part of the Azovskoye joint-stock company . In 1994 the number of cattle was 2020; There were 65 horses. 3293 hectares were cultivated, of which 2804 hectares were arable land, 1084 hectares were hayloft and pasture. There were 136 workers in Privalnoye: 25 cattle keepers, 30 milkers, 7 cattle breeders, 40 tractor drivers and 32 workers in other professions.
As a result of the wave of emigration of the Russian Germans since the 1990s, the majority of the long-established Germans left the village for Germany; other Germans from the former Soviet republics in Central Asia - mostly from mixed national marriages - settled in the Azovo national district and thus also in Priwalnoye. Today, however, the Germans in Priwalnoye probably represent a minority. Only a few use the native German dialect as an everyday language.
literature
- V. Diesendorf: Nemzy Rossii. Nasseljonnyje punkty i mesta posselenija: enziklopeditscheski slowar . ERN, Moscow 2006. ISBN 978-5-93227-002-8 . (Russian)
Web links
- Village history of Privalnoye (Russian)
- Erhard Trusch: On the trail of emigrants. In: Die Nordelbische , edition 42/2006 of October 18, 2006
- Jens-Robert Schulz: The German National Circle Asowo In: CAFE GERMAN. Regional studies. The German-speaking countries and regions, 2009
- Advice from Warenburg . ( Memento from October 10, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) In: The history of the Russian Germans