Proales werneckii

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Proales werneckii
Systematics
Class : Eurotatoria
Subclass : Monogononta
Order : Ploima
Family : Proalidae
Genre : Rotiferous parasites ( Proales )
Type : Proales werneckii
Scientific name
Proales werneckii
( Ehrenberg , 1834)

Proales werneckii ( Syn .: Proales wernecki ) is a species from the genus of parasitic rotifers ( Proales ). It penetrates the cells of the alga Vaucheria , where it feeds andtriggersthe formation of galls .

features

In the species of the Proalidae family, the mouth lies in the middle of a field of eyelashes sloping towards the abdomen. The body shape of Proales werneckii is spindle-shaped, the foot is short and has small toes and glands. There is a red lens eye on the cerebral ganglion . The females are around 195 micrometers long, the males are slightly smaller and are 145 micrometers in length. Except for their smaller size, the males of this species outwardly resemble the females.

distribution

The species occurs almost worldwide, both in the southern and northern hemisphere, and has been recorded from Europe, North America, Africa and Australia. Proales werneckii attacks both freshwater and brackish water species of the genus Vaucheria .

Way of life

Young, female rotifers of the species Proales werneckii look for places in the growth zone of thread algae of the genus Vaucheria where the cell wall is not yet completely hardened and where they can easily penetrate. There they interrupt the formation of a gametophor or the growth zone of the alga by stimulating the cell to form gall. The bile is a cylindrical or piston-shaped outgrowth of approx. 80–120 × 140–1500 micrometers. The rotifer spends the rest of its life in the vacuole of this bile. Proales werneckii often lays more than 80 subitan eggs here. The organelles in the host cell's cytoplasm continuously provide food and energy for the rotifer, which feeds on oil droplets, cytoplasm and plastids within the cell. After hatching, the young look for further gametophores or growth zones within the same alga, or they leave the thread in order to penetrate another.

In addition to the subitani eggs, permanent eggs are also produced. These get into the water from the bile when it breaks down. The eggs usually overwinter in the sediment or spend a resting phase there. Males hatch from unfertilized haploid eggs, and fertilized females. In the males of most species of the genus Proales , the digestive tract is rudimentary and functionless. The male of Proales werneckii , on the other hand, has a well-developed chewing apparatus and a fully developed digestive tract. It is not yet clear whether the eggs are fertilized inside or outside the bile.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Journal for Morphology and Ecology of Animals, 3, Springer Verlag, 1924, p. 777
  2. ↑ Robert L. Wallace, Donald W. Ott, Sheri L. Stiles and Carla K. Oldham-Ott: Bed and Breakfast: the parasitic life of Proales werneckii (Ploimida: Proalidae) within the alga Vaucheria (Xanthophyceae: Vaucheriales) . Hydrobiologia, 446-447, 1, pp. 129-137, 2001 doi : 10.1023 / A: 1017547222261

literature

  • Heinz Streble , Dieter Krauter : Life in a drop of water. Microflora and microfauna of freshwater. An identification book. 10th edition. Kosmos, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 3-440-10807-4 .
  • James H. Thorp, Alan P. Covich (Eds.): Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates . Second Edition, Academic Press, 2001, p. 243 ISBN 0-126-90647-5

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